Injury prevention

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Injury prevention is an attempt to prevent or reduce the severity of bodily injury caused by external mechanisms, such as accidents, before they occur. Injury prevention is a component of public health and safety, and the goal is to improve people's health by preventing injuries and therefore improving quality of life. Among the layman, the term "accident injury" is often used. However, "coincidence" implies the cause of the injury is random. Researchers use the term "unintentional injury" to refer to injuries that are not accented but can be prevented. In the field of public health, efforts are also made to prevent or reduce "deliberate injury." Data from the US Centers for Disease Control, for example, show that unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death from early childhood to young adulthood. During these years, unintentional injury caused more deaths than the nine major causes of subsequent deaths.

Injury prevention strategies cover a variety of approaches, many of which are classified as falling under the "3 E's" of injury prevention: education, engineering modification, and enforcement/enforcement. Some organizations, such as Safe Kids Worldwide, have expanded the sixth list of E adds: evaluation, economic incentives and empowerment.

Video Injury prevention

Measuring effectiveness

Researching is challenging, because the usually interesting outcome is death or injuries that are prevented, and it is almost impossible to measure how many people are not injured. Educational efforts can be measured by changes in knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors, before and after intervention, but binding these changes back to reductions in morbidity and mortality is often problematic.

Examining the morbidity and mortality trends in the population is usually not difficult and may provide some indication of the effectiveness of injury prevention interventions. However, this approach suffers from potential ecological errors, where data indicate the relationship between intervention and yield changes, but there is actually no causal relationship.

Maps Injury prevention

General type

Traffic and car security

Car traffic safety and safety is a major component of injury prevention as it is the leading cause of death for children and young adults in their mid 30s. Injury prevention efforts began in the early 1960s when activist Ralph Nader, exposing the car as more dangerous than necessary with his book Unsafe at Any Speed. This led to a technical change in the way the car was designed to allow for more crush space between the vehicle and the occupants. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also contribute a lot to car safety. CDC Prevention Champion David Sleet described the importance of lowering the blood alcohol content limit to 0.08 percent for drivers; need a disposable lighter to be resistant to the child; and use the evidence to show the dangers of airbags to young children who ride in the front seat of the vehicle.

Engineering : the feasibility of vehicle accidents, seat belts, air bags, locking seat belts for child seats.

Education : promote the use of seatbelts, reduce driving impetus, promote child safety chairs.

Enforcement and enforcement : section and law enforcement of primary safety belts, speed limits, impaired driving practices.

Pedestrian safety

Pedestrian safety is the focus of epidemiological and psychological injury prevention research. Epidemiological studies typically focus on external causes for individuals such as traffic density, access to safe walking areas, socioeconomic status, injury rates, safety laws (eg, traffic fines), or even vehicle forms that affect the severity of the injury which resulted. from the collision. Epidemiological data suggest 1-4-year-olds have the greatest risk of injury in the driveway and sidewalks. Children aged 5-14 years are at greatest risk when trying to cross the street.

The current pedestrian safety psychology research body is much smaller than in the epidemiological field, but is growing rapidly. The study of pedestrian safety psychology extends as far back as the mid-1980s when researchers began examining behavioral variables in children. Interesting behavioral variables include selecting gap deviations in traffic, attention to traffic, close number of clicks or actual clicks, or routes a child chooses when crossing multiple paths like walking to school. Behavioral studies often collect variables that imply the risk of injury; eg, children who engage in risky behaviors may be considered at greater risk if they actually cross the roads alone. The most common technique used in behavioral pedestrian research is the pretend road, where a child stands a bit away from the sidewalk and watches the traffic on the real road. The boy then walks to the side of the road when a crossing opportunity is chosen. Research gradually shifts to virtual reality techniques that are more ecologically valid. Leading scientists in psychological pedestrian safety research are Dr. Benjamin Barton, Dr. David Schwebel and Dr. James Thomson.

The following is a list of short topics from some of the common focus areas of injury prevention efforts: