The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act ( NCVIA ) in 1986 (42 USC Ã,§ç§ 300aa-1 to 300aa-34) was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan as part of a larger health bill on November 14, 1986, in the United States, to reduce the potential financial obligations of vaccine makers due to vaccine injury claims. This law aims to ensure a stable supply of the market, and to provide cost-effective arbitration for vaccine injury claims. Under the NCVIA, the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) was created to provide a federal no-fault system to compensate vaccine-related injury or death by establishing a claim procedure involving the Federal Court of the United States and a special master.
Video National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act
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In the 1970s and 1980s, a controversy erupted was related to the question of whether the whole cell pertussis component causes permanent brain injury in rare cases, called encephalopathy pertussis vaccine. No studies have shown a causal relationship, and subsequent studies show no association of any kind between DPT vaccine and permanent brain injury. The brain damage presumed to be caused by the vaccine proved to be an unrelated condition, infantile epilepsy. In 1990, the Journal of the American Medical Association called the relationship "myth" and "nonsense." However, before that point, criticism of the study showed no linkage and some well-publicized anecdotal reports about permanent disability blamed on the DPT vaccine gave rise to the anti-DPT movement of the 1970s. In the United States, low profit margins and increased vaccine-related lawsuits caused many producers to stop producing DPT vaccines in the early 1980s. In 1985, vaccine manufacturers had difficulty obtaining liability insurance. The price of DPT vaccines soars, leading providers to limit purchases, limiting availability. Only one company still produced pertussis vaccine in the US in late 1985. In 1986, to improve the situation, Congress passed the National Children's Vaccination Injection Act (NCVIA), which established a federal no-fault system to compensate injured victims caused by mandated vaccine.
Maps National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act
NCVIA Terms
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
The NCVIA also mandates that all health care providers should report certain adverse events after vaccination to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).
The NCVIA also established a committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review the existing literature on vaccine side effects that occurred after immunization, regardless of whether there was a direct relationship between events.
National Vaccine Program Office
As a result of the NCVIA, the National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) was established within DHHS. NVPO is responsible for coordinating immunization-related activities between all DHHS agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
Vaccine Information Statement
NCVIA requires that all health care providers managing vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b and varicella should provide Vaccine Information (VC) Statement to vaccine, parent or guardian law before each dose.
VIS should be provided with every vaccination, including each dose in a multi-dose series. Each VIS contains a brief description of the disease, as well as the risks and benefits of the vaccine. Each VIS is developed by the CDC and distributed to state and local health departments as well as individual providers.
References
- HRSA.gov - 'Vaccine Injury Table', United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
- HRSA.gov - 'General Questions about the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program', DHHS (last updated 18 December 2002)
External links
- CDC.gov - 'Vaccine Safety Review', National Immunization Program
- LSU.edu - 'Vaccine Law: National Childhood Vaccination Injury Act', Louisiana State University
- VaccineSafety.edu - 'Institute for Vaccine Safety', Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg Public Health School
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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