Netball is a sports ball that is played by two teams of seven players. Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s. In 1960, the rules of international play had been standardized for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed. Until 2011, INF consists of more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.
The match is played on a rectangular field with a goal loop at both ends. Each team tries to score by passing the ball to court and shooting it through his goal ring. Players are given a certain position, which determines their role in the team and limits their movements to certain areas of the court. During general play, a player with a ball can hold it for just three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player. The winning team is the most scored. Netball game duration 60 minutes. Variations have been developed to increase the speed of the game and appeal to a wider audience.
Netball is most popular in Commonwealth countries, especially in schools, and is dominated by women. According to INF, netball is played by over 20 million people in over 80 countries. Major domestic leagues in sport include Netball Superleague in the UK, Suncorp Super Netball in Australia and ANZ Premiership in New Zealand. Four major competitions take place internationally: the Netball quadrennial World Championships, the Commonwealth Games, and the annual Quad Series and Fast5 Series. In 1995, the netball became the internationally recognized Olympic Committee of the sport, but has not played at the Olympics.
Video Netball
History
Netball emerged from the early version of basketball and evolved into its own sport as the number of women participating in the sport increased. Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith in the United States. The game was originally played indoors between two teams of nine players, using football associations thrown into a covered peach basket. The Naismith game spread rapidly across the United States and variations of the rules soon emerged. Physical education instructor Senda Berenson developed a modified rule for women in 1892; this eventually led to women's basketball. Around this time separate interklegiate regulations were developed for men and women. The various rules of basketball merge into a universal set in the United States.
Martina Bergman-ÃÆ' â € "sterberg introduced a basketball version in 1893 to the students at the College of Physical Training in Hampstead, London. Game rules have been modified on campus for several years: games are moved out and played on the grass; the basket is replaced by a ring that has a net; and in 1897 and 1899, regulations of women's basketball in the United States were combined. Madame's new sport ÃÆ' â € "sterberg earned the name" clean ball ". The first netball code rule was published in 1901 by the Ling Association, then the British Physical Education Association. From England, netball spread to other countries in the United Kingdom. Variations of rules and even names for sports appear in various fields: "women's basketball (outside)" arrived in Australia around 1900 and in New Zealand from 1906, while "netball" was played in a Jamaican school in 1909.
From the beginning, it was considered socially fit for women to play netball; The netball restriction movement calls for contemporary ideas about women's participation in sports, and the sport is different from the potential of male rival sports. Netball became a popular female sport in countries where it was introduced and spread rapidly through the school system. School league and domestic competition emerged during the first half of the 20th century, and in 1924 the first national government agency was established in New Zealand. The international competition was initially hampered by the lack of funds and various rules in various countries. Australia hosted New Zealand in its first international netball match in Melbourne on 20 August 1938; Australia won 40-11. Efforts began in 1957 to standardize the rules of the netball globally: in 1960 the rules of international play had been standardized, and the International Federation of Netball and Basketball Women, then the International Netball Federation (INF), was formed to manage the sport worldwide.
Representatives from Britain, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the West Indies were part of a 1960 meeting in Sri Lanka that standardized the rules for the game. The game spread to other African countries in the 1970s. South Africa was banned from competing internationally from 1969 to 1994 due to apartheid. In the United States, the popularity of Netball also increased during the 1970s, particularly in the New York region, and the United States Netball Association was created in 1992. The game also became popular in Pacific Island countries in Cook Islands, Fiji and Samoa during the year 1970s. Netball Singapore was founded in 1962, and the Malaysian Netball Association was formed in 1978.
In Australia, the term women's basketball is used to refer to basketball and netball. During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a movement to change the name of Australian games from women's basketball into netball to avoid confusion between the two sports. The Australian Basketball Union offered to pay the fees needed to change the name, but the netball organization rejected the change. In 1970, the Board of the Netball Association of Australia officially changed its name to "netball" in Australia.
In 1963, the first international tournament was held in Eastbourne, England. Originally called World Tournament, later known as the Netball World Championship. After the first tournament, one of the organizers, Miss R. Harris, stated,
England can learn from the mistakes of the past from the empty tribunes in Eastbourne. To get the right publicity and the right status desired, the game should emerge from the school playground. Netball should be part of a sports center where social events can also be held.
The Netball World Championship has been held every four years since, most recently in 2015. The Youth Netball World Championship began in Canberra in 1988, and has been held roughly every four years since. In 1995, the International Olympic Committee established the netball as an Olympic recognized sport. Three years later he made his debut at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur. Other international competitions also appeared at the end of the 20th century, including the Nation Cup and the Asian Netball Championships.
Gender
In 2006, IFNA only recognized netball women. The male netball team is in some areas but does not attract the attention of sponsors and audiences. Netball men began to become popular in Australia during the 1980s, and the first male championships were held in 1985. In 2004, New Zealand and Fiji sent teams to compete in the Australian Mixed and Men's National Championships. In 2006, the mixed basketball team in Australia had many male participants as a rugby union. Other countries with men's national teams include Canada, Fiji, Jamaica, Kenya, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. Unlike women's netball at the elite and national level, men's and mixed gender teams are largely self-funded.
The all-transgender netball team from Indonesia competed in the 1994 Gay Games in New York City. The team has become Indonesia's national champion. In 2000 Games Gay VI in Sydney, netball and volleyball are two sports with the highest level of participating transgender athletes. There are eight teams of indigenous players, with seven identified as transgender. They come from places like Palm Island in northern Queensland, Samoa, Tonga and Papua New Guinea. Teams with transgender players are allowed to participate in multiple divisions including men, mixes and transgenders; they are not allowed to compete with the cisgender women's team.
Maps Netball
Description and rules
The goal of the game is to score more goals than the opposition. Goals are scored when team members positioned in shooting circles attack shoot the ball through the goal rings. The target ring is 380 millimeters (15 inches) in diameter and is above 3.05 meters (10.0 ft) - high goal post with no backboard. Semi-circle semi-circular shooting circle 4.9 meters (16Ã, ft) -radius is the area at each end of the court. Post targets are in shooting circles. Each team defends a shooting circle and attacks the other. The netball field is 30.5 meters (100 feet) long, 15.25 meters (50.0 feet) wide, and is divided lengthwise into three. The ball is usually made of leather or rubber, sizes 680 to 710 millimeters (27 to 28 inches) in its circumference, and weighs 397 to 454 grams (14.0 to 16.0 oz). The normal game consists of four 15 minutes and can be played outdoors or in a closed stadium.
Each team is allowed seven players in court. Each player is given a certain position, which limits their movement to a certain area in court. A "bib" imposed by each player contains two-letter abbreviations indicating this position. Only two positions are allowed in shooting circles that attack, and therefore can shoot for purpose. Similarly, only two positions are allowed in defensive shooting circles; they tried to prevent the opposition from firing targets. Other players are limited to two-thirds of the court, with the exception of the Center, who can move anywhere in court except for the shooting circle.
At the start of each quarter and after goals are scored, the play begins with the player in midway past the ball from the center of the field. These "center passes" alternate between teams, regardless of which team scored the last goal. When the referee blows the whistle to restart the game, four players from each team can move to the third center to receive feedback. The center pass must be captured or touched in the middle of the third. The ball then moves up and down to court through passing and must be touched by players in each of the adjacent third courts. Players can hold the ball for only three seconds at a time. It must be released before their feet stand when they catch it touching the ground again. Contact between players is only allowed if it does not block an opponent or a public game. When maintaining a player pass or shot must be at least 90 cm (35 inches) from the player with the ball. If an illegal contact is made, the contacted player can not participate in the game until the player who takes the penalty has passed or shot the ball. If the ball is held with both hands and a fall or a shot at the goal is missed, the same player can not be the first to touch it unless he first deviates from the goal.
Variant
Indoor netball
Netball indoors is a variation of netball, played exclusively indoors, where the playing field is often surrounded on each side and over the head by the net. The net prevents the ball from leaving the court, allowing for faster play by reducing the stoppage of play.
Various forms of indoor netball exist. In a seven-by-side version called "netball action", seven players per team play with rules similar to netball. However, the game is split into 15 minutes with a three minute break in between. This version is played in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the UK.
Six-sided versions of this sport are also played in New Zealand. Two Centers per team can play throughout the court except the shooting circle; the rest of the attacking and defending players are each limited to half the field, including the firing circle. Attackers and center players can shoot from outside the firing circle for the two-point goal.
The five-per-side game is also common in the indoor mesh ball. Players can move throughout the court, with the exception of a firing circle, which is restricted to certain attacking or defending players.
Fast5
Fast5 (originally called Fastnet) is a variation on netball rules designed to make games faster and more user-friendly. The World Netball Series promotes it to improve sports profiles and attract more spectators and larger sponsors. The game is much shorter, with each quarter lasting just six minutes and just two minutes rest between the quarters. Trainers can give instructions from the sideline while playing, and unlimited reimbursement is allowed. Like a six-by-side indoor netball, an attacking player can shoot two goals from outside the shooting circle. Each team can separately nominate a quarter of "power games", where each goal scored by the team is worth double points and a ticket is being taken by a team that recognizes the goal.
For children
Netball has been adapted in several ways to meet the needs of children. Rules for children are similar to those for adults, but various aspects of the game (such as the length of each quarter, the target height, and the size of the ball) are modified.
Fun Net is a netball version developed by Netball Australia for children ages five to seven. It aims to improve the basic skills of netball using games and activities. Fun Net program lasts for 8-16 weeks. No winners or losers. The target post is 2.4 meters (7Ã, ft 10Ã, in) high, and a smaller ball is used.
Netball Australia also runs a modified game called Netta aimed at 8 to 11 years old. The height of the target and the size of the ball is equal to that of an adult, but the player rotates the position during the match, allowing each player to play every position. Netta was created to develop passing and catching skills. The rules allow six seconds between catching and passing the ball, not the three seconds allowed in adult games. Most players under 11 years old play this version at the basketball club.
A version called High Five Netball was promoted by the All England Netball Association. It is intended for girls 9 to 11 years and covers only five positions. The players switched positions during the game. When a player is not in court, he is expected to help the game in other ways, such as being a timekeeper or a scorekeeper. High Five Netball has four quarters six minutes.
Government
The internationally recognized netball managing body is the International Netball Association Federation (IFNA), based in Manchester, England. Founded in 1960, the organization was originally called the International Federation of Basketball and Women's Basketball. IFNA is responsible for ranking the world for the national team, defending the rules for netball and organizing some major international competitions.
As of July 2012, IFNA has 49 full members and 24 national members in five regions. Each region has a IFNA regional federation.
IFNA is affiliated with the General Association of International Sport Federations, the International Gaming Association, and the IOC Association Recognizes the International Sports Federation. It is also a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code.
International Competition
Netball is a popular participant sport in the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. Non-Commonwealth entities with full IFNA membership include Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Argentina, Bermuda, Cayman Islands and the United States, along with former members of the Commonwealth of Zimbabwe, Ireland and Hong Kong. According to IFNA, more than 20 million people play netball in more than 80 countries. International tournaments are held among countries in each of the five IFNA regions, either annually or every four years. School leagues and national club competitions have been held in England, Australia, New Zealand and Jamaica since the early 20th century. The franchise-based netball League did not emerge until the late 1990s. The competition seeks to improve the sports profile in their respective countries. Despite widespread local interest, participation is largely amateurish.
Netball was first included in the 1998 Commonwealth Games and has been a fixture ever since; is currently one of the "core" sports that must be contested in every edition of the Olympics.
The main international tournament in Africa is hosted by the South African Netball Association Confederation, which invites teams from Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Malawi, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Seychelles to take part. The tournament is hosted by a country in the region; senior teams and under 21 compete. This tournament has served as a qualifier for the World Championships. South Africa launched a new domestic competition in 2011 called Netball Grand Series. It features eight regional teams from South Africa and aims to increase the amount of playing time for players. It runs for 17 weeks and replaces the National Netball League, which is played only for two weeks. According to Proteas captain Elsje Jordaan, it is expected that the competition will create opportunities for players to become professionals.
The American Federation of Netball Association (AFNA) hosts two tournaments each year: Caribbean Netball Association (CNA) Under 16 Championship and AFNA Senior Championship. The CNA Championship involves two team divisions from the Caribbean islands. In 2010 five teams competed in two round robin rounds in the Championship Division, while four teams competed in the Development Division. Jamaica, who only lost once in the tournament, decided not to play the 2011 tournament. AFNA's Senior Championship includes Canada and the US along with Caribbean countries. This tournament serves as a qualifier for the World Championships. Jamaica, with a high ranking, does not have to qualify; this leaves two places to another team in the tournament.
The Asian Netball Championships are held every four years. The seventh Asian Games were held in 2009 and featured Singapore, Thailand, Maldives, Taiwan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, India and Pakistan. There is also the Asian Youth Netball Championship for girls under the age of 21, the seventh of which was held in 2010.
The main netball competition in Europe is Netball Superleague, featuring nine teams from England, Wales and Scotland. The league was created in 2005. The game was aired on Sky Sports.
Netball has been featured in the Pacific Games, a multi-sport event with participation from 22 countries from across the South Pacific. The show is held every four years and has 12 sports needed; the host country chose the other four. Netball is not a necessary sport and has lost choice, especially when France or America previously hosted the match.
The ANZ Championship is a Trans-Tasman competition held between 2008 and 2016 which is broadcast on television in New Zealand and Australia. It is contested among ten teams from Australia and New Zealand. It began in April 2008, replacing the Commonwealth Bank Trophy and the National Bank Cup of New Zealand as the premier netball league in those countries. The competition is held annually between April and July, consisting of 69 games played for 17 weeks. The ANZ Championship sees netball being a semi-professional sport in both countries, with increased media coverage and player salaries. Competition was replaced by a new league in 2017, Suncorp Super Netball (Australia) and ANZ Premiership (New Zealand).
Main championships
There are four major international netball competitions; Netball World Cup, Netball at Commonwealth Games, Netball Quad Series, and Fast5 Netball World Series.
The important Netball competition is the World Netball Championships (also known as the Netball World Cup), held every four years. It was first held in 1963 at Chelsea College of Physical Education in Eastbourne, England, with eleven competing nations. Since the start of the competition has been dominated mainly by the Australian and New Zealand teams, each holding ten and four titles. Trinidad and Tobago is the only other team to win the championship title. The title, won in 1979, was shared with New Zealand and Australia; all three teams finished with the same points at the end of the round robin, and no finals.
The Fast5 Series is a competition among the top six national netball teams, ranked by INF World Rankings. It is organized by INF in conjunction with national governing bodies from six competing countries, UK Sport, and local councils of host cities. The All England Netball Association includes air travel, accommodation, meals, and local travel expenses for all teams, while each basketball management agency includes player allowances. It was held for three days, with each team playing each other for the first two days in a round-robin format. Four teams with the highest score advanced to the semis; winners face each other in the Grand Final. This competition has a modified fastnet rule and has been likened to twenty20 cricket and rugby sevens. The new format featuring shorter matches with modified rules is designed to make games more appealing to audiences and television viewers. World Netball Series is held annually in the UK from 2009 to 2011.
Netball won the Olympic recognition in 1995 after 20 years of lobbying. Although it has not been played in the Summer Olympics, politicians and administrators have been campaigning to include it in the near future. Its absence from the Olympics has been seen by the netball community as an obstacle to the global growth of the game by limiting access to media attention and funding sources. Several funding sources became available in 1995, including the International Olympic Committee, national Olympic committees, national sports organizations, and state and federal governments.
Injuries
One study found that over 14 weeks of play, about 5% of people were injured. The most common injuries are the ankles (usually lateral ligament strain tension and less frequent ankle fractures). Knee injuries are rare and include anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The main cause of this injury is believed to be due to an incorrect landing. One study did not find warming as a risk factor. Hypermobility, having a range of motion beyond the normal limits, has been associated with injury in one small study. Higher class players, both in senior and junior competitions, are more prone to injury than lower class players, due to their high intensity and fast game rate.
In October 2005, Australian captain Liz Ellis, developing ACL in a game against New Zealand. This injury kept him out of the chance to play at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. In October 2014, Casey Kopua broke his patellar tendon on his left knee and underwent knee surgery to repair a tendon that would cause a netball loss of up to 6 months.
See also
- List of national netball teams
- List of netball players
- Netball wheelchair
Note
References
Bibliography
External links
- International Netball Federation Association
- The FIAT Netball Superleague
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments