A trauma center (or trauma center ) is a hospital equipped and managed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle crashes or gunshot wounds. The trauma center may also refer to the emergency department (also known as the "victim department" or "accident & emergency") in the absence of special services to treat large trauma victims.
In the United States, hospitals may receive trauma center status by meeting specific criteria established by the American College of Surgeons (ACS) and bypassing site reviews by the Verification Review Committee. The official appointment as a trauma center is determined by the laws of individual country. The center of trauma varies in their particular abilities and is identified by the "Level" designation: Level-I (Level-1) being the highest, to Level-III (Level-3) being the lowest (some countries have five designated levels, case Level-V (Level-5) is the lowest).
The highest levels of trauma have access to special medical and nursing care including emergency medicine, trauma surgery, critical care, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, anesthesiology and radiology, and highly advanced surgical and diagnostic equipment. Lower trauma centers may only provide early treatment and stabilization of traumatic injuries and arrange for the transfer of victims to higher levels of trauma care.
The operation of a trauma center is very expensive. Some areas - especially rural areas - are poorly served by trauma centers because of these costs. Since there is no way to schedule the need for emergency services, patient traffic in the center of trauma can vary greatly. Various methods have been developed to deal with this.
The trauma center often has a helipad to receive patients who have been flown to the hospital. In many cases, people injured in remote areas and transported to distant trauma centers by helicopter can receive faster and better medical care than if they were transported by land ambulance to a closer hospital with no designated trauma center. Trauma level certification can directly affect patient outcomes and determine whether patients need to be transferred to a higher level trauma center.
Video Trauma center
History
English
The trauma center grows to exist beyond the realization that a traumatic injury is a disease process in itself that requires specialized and experienced multidisciplinary care as well as special resources. The first trauma center in the world, the first hospital set up specifically for treating injured patients rather than sick, was the Birmingham Accident Hospital, which opened in Birmingham, England in 1941, after a series of studies found that the care of injured people in Britain was inadequate. In 1947, the hospital had three trauma teams, each including two surgeons and an anesthesiologist, and a burn team with three surgeons. The hospital became part of the National Health Service on its formation in July 1948 and closed in 1993.
AS
According to the CDC, injury is the leading cause of death for American children and adults ages 1-44. The main causes of trauma are motor vehicle crashes, falls, and attacks with deadly weapons.
In the United States, Drs. Robert J. Baker and Robert J. Freeark founded the first civil trauma Trauma Unit at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, IL on March 16, 1966. The concept of a shock trauma center was also developed at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, in the 1950s and 1960s by thoracic surgeon and shock researcher R Adams Cowley, who founded what became the Shock Trauma Center in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 1, 1966. R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center is one of the world's first shock trauma centers.. Cook County Hospital at Chicago's trauma center (opened in 1966). David R. Boyd apprenticed at Cook County Hospital from 1963 to 1964 before being incorporated into the United States Army. After being released from the Army, Dr. Boyd became the first shock-traumatic partner at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, from 1967 to 1968. Boyd returned to Cook County Hospital, where he would later serve as a resident director in Cook County. Trauma Unit.
Canada
According to the founder of the Trauma Unit at the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center in Toronto, Ontario. Marvin Tile, "the nature of the injury at Sunnybrook has changed over the years.When the center of trauma first opened in 1976, about 98 percent of patients suffered blunt trauma caused by accidents and falls.Now, as many as 20 percent of patients come with gunshot wounds and knife ".
The Fraser Health Authority in British Columbia, located at Royal Columbian Hospital and Abbotsford Regional Hospital, serves the BC area, "Every year, Fraser Health treats nearly 130,000 trauma patients as part of the integrated B.C. trauma system"
Maps Trauma center
Definitions in the United States
In the United States, the trauma center is ranked by the American College of Surgeons (ACS), from Level I (comprehensive service) to Level III (limited care). Different levels refer to the type of resources available at the center of the trauma and the number of patients treated each year. This is the category that defines the national standard for trauma care in hospitals. Level I and Level II designations are also given adult and or pediatric designations. In addition, some states have separate trauma-center ratings separate from the ACS. This level can range from Level I to Level IV. Some hospitals are less officially determined Level V.
ACS does officially designate hospitals as a trauma center. Many US hospitals that are not verified by the ACS claim the appointment of a trauma center. Most states have laws that determine the process of appointing a trauma center within the country. ACS describes this responsibility as "a geopolitical process through which an empowered entity, government or other, is authorized to appoint." Self-appointed ACS missions are limited to confirming and reporting on the hospital's ability to adhere to ACS treatment standards known as Resources for Optimal Care of Injured Patients.
The Trauma Information Exchange Program (TIEP) is an American Trauma Society program that works with the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy and is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. TIEP maintains an inventory of trauma centers in the US, collects data and develops information on causes, treatments and injuries, and facilitates the exchange of information among trauma care institutions, care providers, researchers, payers and policymakers.
Note: The trauma center is a hospital designated by the state or local authority or verified by the American College of Surgeons.
Level I
The Level I trauma center provides the highest level of surgical care for trauma patients. Being treated in the center of Level I trauma increases the chances of seriously injured patients with an estimated 20 to 25 percent. It has a variety of specialists and equipment available 24 hours a day and recognizes the minimum required annual volume of seriously injured patients. In addition, this trauma center should be able to provide care for pediatric patients. Many Level II trauma centers will qualify for Level I if they are equipped to handle all pediatric emergencies.
The Level I trauma center is required to have the following number of people on duty 24 hours a day at the hospital:
-
- surgeon
- emergency physician
- anesthesiologist
- nurse
- educational program
- prevention and outreach programs.
Key ingredients include 24 hours in-house coverage by general surgeons and immediate availability of treatments in various specializations - such as orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, anesthesiology, emergency medicine, radiology, internal medicine, otolaryngology and oral and maxillofacial surgery (trained to treat facial, muscle, bone) injuries, and critical care, necessary to respond to and treat various forms of trauma that the patient may experience and rehabilitation services.
Most of the Tertiary Trauma centers teach in hospitals/campuses. In addition, Center Level I has a research program, is a leader in trauma education and injury prevention, and is a source of reference for people in nearby areas.
Level II
The Level II trauma center works in conjunction with a Level I center. It provides comprehensive trauma care and complements the clinical expertise of Level I institutions. It provides 24-hour availability of all important specialties, personnel, and equipment. Minimum volume requirements may depend on local conditions. These institutions are not required to have ongoing research programs or surgical residence programs.
Level III
The Level III trauma center lacks the availability of a complete specialist, but has resources for emergency resuscitation, surgery, and intensive care of most trauma patients. Center III has a transfer agreement with a Level I or Level II trauma center that provides reserve resources for treatment of patients with severe injuries (eg, multiple trauma).
Level IV
The Center for Level IV trauma exists in some countries where resources do not exist for Tier III trauma centers. It provides preliminary evaluation, stabilization, diagnostic ability, and transfer to a higher level of care. It can also provide critical operations and care services, as defined within the scope of services for trauma care. Trained nurses are readily available, and doctors are available when the patient arrives at the Emergency Department. Transfer agreements exist with other trauma centers at higher levels, to be used when conditions guarantee transfers.
Level V
Provides preliminary evaluation, stabilization, diagnostic ability, and transfer to a higher level of care. Can provide surgical care and critical care services, as defined within the scope of trauma care services. Trained nurses are readily available, and doctors are available when the patient arrives at the Emergency Department. If it is not open 24 hours per day, the facility must have a trauma response protocol after hours.
Pediatric trauma center
A facility may be designated as an adult trauma center, a pediatric trauma center, or an adult & amp; center of pediatric trauma. If the hospital provides trauma care for adult and child patients, level assignment may not be the same for each group. For example, a Level I adult trauma center may also be a pediatric trauma center of Level II. This is because pediatric trauma surgery is a specialty. Adult trauma surgeons generally do not specialize in providing surgical trauma care for children, and vice versa, and differences in practice are significant.
See also
- Emergency treatment
- Trauma operation
- Traumatology
- The trauma team
- Trauma (medicine)
References
External links
- Injury Prevention & amp; Control: Trauma Treatment at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Trauma Center Factsheet at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Trauma Level Explained, American Trauma Society
- FACS List of Trauma Verified Centers in the United States - American College of Surgeons
- The American Trauma Centers Association, formerly known as the National Foundation for Traumatic Care
- US. Trauma Center Crisis Report (2004)
- Report: US Trauma Center Preparedness for Terrorist Attacks in the Community
- Report: Harris Poll: Trauma Treatment: Public Knowledge and Perception The importance of 2004
- NHS United Kingdom's main trauma center [1]
- NHS England 2012 main trauma map maps [2]
- English NHS Ambulance trauma coding [3]
- NHS Wales trauma center [4]
- List of Scotland NHS trauma centers [5]
Setting a state trauma system
- Emergency Medical Service Bureau & amp; Trauma System, Arizona Health Services Department
- Determination of Arizona Trauma Center
- Arizona Trauma System
- Georgia Trauma Commission
- PA Trauma Systems Foundation
- 25 Texas Administrative Code 157.125 (Texas Provisions for Trauma Facility Use)
- Maryland Trauma System
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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