Healing (literally meaning making whole ) is the health-restoring process of an unbalanced, diseased or damaged organism. The healing results can be a cure for health challenges, but people can heal without being cured.
The nursing profession has traditionally been associated with healing problems, whereas historically the medical profession has to do with healing.
With physical damage or disease suffered by an organism, healing involves the restoration of living tissues, organs and the biological system as a whole and the return of normal functioning. This is the process by which the cells in the body regenerate and repair to reduce the size of damaged or necrotic areas and replace them with new living tissues. Replacement can occur in two ways: by regeneration in which necrotic cells are replaced by new cells that form similar networks as they originally were; or with a repair where the injured tissue is replaced with scar tissue. Most organs will recover using a mixture of both mechanisms.
This is also called in the context of the grieving process.
In psychiatry and psychology, healing is the process by which neurosis and psychosis are solved to the extent that the client is able to live a normal or satisfying life without being overwhelmed by psychopathological phenomena. This process may involve psychotherapy, pharmaceutical treatment or alternative approaches such as traditional spiritual healing.
Video Healing
Regeneration
In order for injuries to be healed through regeneration, the type of cell that is destroyed must be able to replicate. Cells also require a collagen framework to grow. In addition to most cells there is a basal membrane or collagen tissue made by fibroblasts that will guide cell growth. Because ischemia and most toxins do not destroy collagen, it will continue to exist even when the surrounding cells die.
Example
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the kidney is a case where the cells recover completely by regeneration. ATN occurs when epithelial cells lining the kidneys are destroyed by lack of oxygen (such as hypovolemic shock, when blood supply to the kidney is reduced dramatically), or by toxins (such as some antibiotics, heavy metals or carbon tetrachloride).
Although many of these epithelial cells die, there is usually patchy necrosis, which means that there are epithelial cell fillings that are still alive. In addition, the tubular collagen skeleton remains intact.
Existing epithelial cells can replicate, and, using basal membranes as a guide, eventually bring the kidney back to normal. After regeneration is complete, the damage is undetectable, even microscopically.
Healing must occur with improvement in cases of injury to non-regenerative cells (eg neurons). Also, damage to collagen tissue (eg by enzymes or physical damage), or total collapse (as can occur in infarcts) causes healing to occur with improvement.
Maps Healing
Genetics
Many genes play a role in healing. For example, in wound healing, P21 has been found to allow mammals to heal spontaneously. It even allows some mammals (such as rats) to heal wounds without scars. The LIN28 gene also plays a role in wound healing. It is not active in most mammals. Also, MG53 and TGF beta 1 proteins play an important role in wound healing.
Wound healing
Responding to an incision or wound, a cure for wound healing is released. This cascade occurs in four phases: clot formation, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.
Clotting phase
Wound healing begins with clot formation to stop bleeding and to reduce infection by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Freezing is followed by a neutrophil invasion three to 24 hours after the injury has occurred, with mitosis beginning in epithelial cells after 24 to 48 hours.
Inflammatory phase
In the inflammatory phase, macrophages and other phagocytic cells kill bacteria, damaging damaged tissue and releasing chemical factors such as growth hormones that promote fibroblasts, epithelial cells and endothelial cells that make new capillaries migrate to regions and divide.
Proliferative phase
In the proliferative phase, immature granulation tissue contains a form of plump and active fibroblasts. Fibroblasts quickly produce abundant collagen type III, which fills the defects left by open sores. The granulation tissue moves, as a wave, from the injured border to the center.
When granulation tissue matures, fibroblasts produce less collagen and become thinner in appearance. They started producing a much stronger type I collagen. Some of the fibroblasts grow into myofibroblasts containing the same actin types found in smooth muscle, allowing them to contract and reduce the size of the wound.
Maturation Phase
During the maturation phase of wound healing, unnecessary vessels formed in granulation tissue are removed by apoptosis, and collagen type III is largely replaced by type I. The initially irregular collagen is cross-linked and parallel along the line of stress. This phase can last a year or longer. In the end the scar is made of collagen, containing a small amount of fibroblasts remaining.
Network damaged by inflammation
Once inflammation has damaged tissue (when fighting bacterial infections for example) and pro-inflammatory eicosanoid has completed its function, the healing takes place in 4 phases.
Re-calling the
In the recall phase of the adrenal glands increases the production of cortisol that closes eikosanoid production and inflammation.
Resolution phase
In the Resolution phase, pathogens and damaged tissue are removed by macrophages (white blood cells). The red blood cells are also removed from the tissue damaged by macrophages. Failure to remove all damaged cells and pathogens can trigger back inflammation. Two subset of macrophages M1 & amp; M2 plays an important role in this phase, M1 macrophages become pro inflammation while M2 is regenerative and plasticity between two sets determines network inflammation or repair.
The regeneration phase
In the regeneration phase, the blood vessels are repaired and new cells are formed on a damaged site similar to damaged and removed cells. Some cells like neurons and muscle cells (especially in the heart) slowly recover.
Phase repair
In the Repair phase, new tissue is produced which requires a balance of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Anti-inflammatory eicosanoids include lipoxins, epi-lipoxins, and resolvins, which lead to the release of growth hormones.
References
External links
- How to heal wounds and tumor shape With this simple Flash demonstration, Harvard professor Donald Ingber explains how the wounds heal, why the scars are formed, and how the tumor develops. Presented by Boston Children's Hospital.
- Healing and Repair Luka
- Lorenz H.P. and Longaker M.T. Injuries: Biology, Pathology, and Management. Stanford University Medical Center.
- Romo T. and McLaughlin L.A. 2003. Healing Wounds, Skin. Emedicine.com.
- Rosenberg L. and de la Torre J. 2003. Wound Healing, Growth Factor. Emedicine.com.
- After Philadelphia Children's Injury Hospital
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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