Central nervous system , also known as central nervous system disorder , is a group of neurological disorders affecting the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system ( CNS).
Video Central nervous system disease
Signs and symptoms
Each disease has different signs and symptoms. Some of them are persistent headaches; pain in the face, back, arms, or legs; inability to concentrate; losing feelings; Memory loss; loss of muscle strength; tremor; seizures; increased reflexes, flexibility, tics; paralysis; and slurred speech. A person should seek medical attention if affected by this.
Maps Central nervous system disease
Cause
Trauma
Any type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or injury done to the spinal cord can cause various defects in a person. Depending on the part of the brain or spinal cord that suffers from trauma, the results can be anticipated.
Infection
Infectious diseases are transmitted in several ways. Some of these infections may affect the brain or spinal cord directly. Generally, infection is a disease caused by an invasion of microorganisms or viruses.
Degeneration
Spinal degenerative disorders involve loss of function in the spine. Pressure on the spinal cord and nerves may be related to disc herniation or displacement. Brain degeneration also causes central nervous system disease. Research has shown that obese people can experience severe degeneration in the brain due to tissue loss that affects cognition.
Structural flaw
Common structural defects include birth defects, anencephaly, hypospadias, and spina bifida. Children born with structural defects may have defective limbs, heart problems, and facial abnormalities.
Defects in the formation of the cerebral cortex include microgyria, polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietric polymicrogyria, and pachygyria.
Tumor
Tumor is an abnormal growth of body tissue. At first, tumors can be non-cancerous, but if they become malignant, they are cancerous. In general, they show up when there's a problem with mobile sharing. Problems with the immune system can cause tumors.
Autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disorders are conditions in which the immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissues. This is due to the loss of tolerance to proteins in the body, so immune cells recognize this as 'foreign' and direct their immune responses to them.
Stroke
A stroke is a disorder of the blood supply to the brain. Approximately every 40 seconds, someone in the US has a stroke. This can happen when a blood vessel is blocked by a blood clot or when a blood vessel ruptures, causing blood to leak into the brain. If the brain does not get enough oxygen and blood, brain cells can die, causing permanent damage.
Function
Spinal cord
The spinal cord transmits sensory reception from the peripheral nervous system. It also performs motor information to the skeletal muscles of the body, heart muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. There are 31 pairs of spinal cord along the spinal cord, which are all composed of both sensory and motor neurons. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae and connects the peripheral nervous system to the brain, and acts as a "small" coordination center.
Brain
The brain serves as the organic basis of cognition and provides centralized control over other body organs. The brain is protected by the skull; However, if the brain is damaged, significant disturbances in cognitive and physiological function or death can occur.
Diagnosis
Type of CNS disorder
Dependency
Addiction is a disorder of the brain reward system that arises through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms and occurs over time from chronic high-level exposure to addictive stimuli (eg, morphine, cocaine, sexual intercourse, gambling, etc.).
Arachnoid cyst
Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid that is covered by arachnoidal cells that can develop in the brain or spinal cord. They are congenital disorders, and in some cases may not show symptoms. However, if there is a large cyst, symptoms may include headache, seizures, ataxia (lack of muscle control), hemiparesis, and several others. Macrocephaly and ADHD are common among children, while presenile dementia, hydrocephalus (cerebrospinal fluid dynamics disorder), and urinary incontinence are symptoms for elderly patients (65 and older).
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is an organic disorder of the nervous system. ADHD, which in severe cases can be debilitating, has symptoms that are thought to be caused by structural and biochemical imbalances in the brain; in particular, low levels of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters, which are responsible for controlling and maintaining attention and movement. Many people with ADHD continue to have good symptoms until adulthood. Also worth noting is the increased risk of developing Dementia with Lewy's body, or (DLB), & amp; the direct genetic association of Attention deficit disorder in Parkinson's disease are two progressive, serious, neurologic diseases, whose symptoms often occur in people over age 65.
Autism
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a restricted and repetitive behavioral pattern and a persistent deficit in social interaction and communication.
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is a serious disease of the nervous system. Symptoms may include signs of severe depression & amp; mania. Mood swings from the height of mania to deep depression usually last for several weeks to months. New research suggests that bipolar disorder is actually a genetically linked genetic disease with Parkinson's disease
Catalepsy
Cryptepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by immobility and muscle stiffness, along with decreased sensitivity to pain. Catalysis is considered a symptom of a serious illness in the nervous system (eg, Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy, etc.) instead of the disease by itself. The cataleptic fit can range in duration from a few minutes to weeks. Catalysts often respond to Benzodiazepines (eg, Lorazepam) in pills & amp; I.V. form.
Depression
Major depressive disorder, otherwise known as depression, is a disorder characterized by a pervasive, persistent low atmosphere accompanied by low self-esteem and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally pleasant activities.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. Usually caused by foreign substances or viral infections. Symptoms of this disease include headache, neck pain, drowsiness, nausea, and fever. If caused by West Nile virus, this virus may be deadly for humans, also birds and horses. Epilepsy Seizures Epilepsy
Epilepsy is an unexpected, serious, and potentially fatal disorder of the nervous system, which is thought to be the result of disruption of electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy seizures result from abnormal, excessive, or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly 80% of epilepsy occurs in developing countries. Epilepsy becomes more common with age. The onset of new cases is most common in infants and the elderly. Epilepsy seizures can occur in the recovery of the patient as a consequence of brain surgery.
Infection
A number of different pathogens (ie, certain viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and prions) can cause infections that adversely affect the brain or spinal cord.
In-lock syndrome
Medical conditions, Locked-in syndrome usually results from a stroke that damages the brainstem, where the body and most facial muscles are paralyzed but consciousness persists and the ability to perform certain eye movements is maintained.
Meningitis
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord. This is most often caused by bacterial or viral infections. Fever, vomiting, and stiff neck are symptoms of meningitis.
Migraine
Chronic and often debilitating neurologic disorders characterized by moderate to severe recurrent headaches are often associated with a number of symptoms of the autonomic nervous system.
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease, inflammatory, which means the myelin sheath of the damaged neuron. MS symptoms include visual problems and sensations, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling, muscle spasms, poor coordination, and depression. Also patients with MS have reported extreme fatigue and dizziness, tremor, and bladder leak.
Myelopathy
Neurodegenerative disorders
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disease usually found in people over the age of 65 years. Worldwide, approximately 24 million people suffer from dementia; 60% of these cases are due to Alzheimer's. The main cause is unknown. The clinical sign of Alzheimer's is a decline in progressive cognition.
Huntington's Disease
Huntington's disease is a heritable inherited degenerative neurological disorder. Degeneration of nerve cells occurs throughout the brain, especially in the striatum. There is a progressive decrease that results in abnormal movement. Statistics show that Huntington's disease can affect 10 per 100,000 people of Western European descent.
Parkinson's Parkinson
Parkinson's disease, or PD, is a progressive disease of the nervous system. Due to the death of dopamine-producing brain cells that affect motor ability and speech. Symptoms may include bradykinesia (slow physical movement), muscle stiffness, and tremors. Behavior, thought, impaired sensation, and skin conditions are sometimes co-morbid. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is just some of the symptoms of nonmotor PD. Parkinson's disease, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) & amp; Bi-polar disorder, all seem to have multiple connections to each other, because all three nervous system disorders involve lower than normal levels of brain chemical dopamine (In ADHD, Parkinson's, & depressive phases of Bi-polar disorders.) Or too much dopamine (in Mania or Manic state of Bi-polar disorder) in different areas of the brain:
Tourette.27s "> Tourette's
Tourette's syndrome is a hereditary neurological disorder. Early onset may occur in childhood, and is characterized by physical and verbal tics. Often also includes symptoms of OCD & amp; ADHD shows the relationship between the three disorders. The exact cause of Tourette, other than genetic factors, is unknown.
Treatment
There are various treatments for central nervous system disease. These can range from surgery to nerve rehabilitation or prescribed medications.
See also
- Neurodegenerative disease
- List of central nervous system infections
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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