Polyururopathy (poly neuro sympathy) is a malfunction or disease affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) around the same area on both sides of the body, displaying weakness, numbness, and burning pain. It usually begins in the hands and feet and can progress to the arms and legs and sometimes to other parts of the body where it may affect the autonomic nervous system. May be acute or chronic. A number of different disorders can cause polyneuropathy, including diabetes and some types of Guillain-Barrà ©  © syndrome.
Video Polyneuropathy
Classification
Polineuropathy can be classified in different ways, such as by cause , by presentation , or by class polyneuropathy, in which part of the nerve cell is affected primarily : axon, myelin sheath, or cell body.
- distal Axonopathy , is the result of peripheral nerve impairment. This is the most common neuronal response to metabolic or toxic disorders, and may be caused by metabolic diseases such as diabetes, renal failure, connective tissue diseases, deficiency syndromes such as malnutrition and alcoholism, or toxic effects or drugs such as chemotherapy.. They can be divided according to the type of axon affected (large-fiber, small fiber, or both), the most distal portion of the axon is usually the first to degenerate, and the axon atrophy advances slowly toward the nerve cell, but if the cause is removed, regeneration is possible, although the prognosis depends on the duration and severity of the stimulus. People with distal axonopathies usually present with sensorimotor disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Mielinopathy , is due to loss of myelin or Schwann cells. This demyelination slows down or actually blocks the conduction of action potentials through the axons of nerve cells (neuraplaxia). The most common cause is an AIDP acute demyeliniferous inflammatory polyneuropathy, the most common form of Guillain-Barrà © Å © syndrome (although other causes include chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
- Neuronopathy is the result of problems with peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). They may be caused by motor neuron disease, sensory neuronopathy, poison, or autonomic dysfunction. Neurotoxins such as chemotherapy agents can cause neuronopathies.
Maps Polyneuropathy
Signs and symptoms
Among the signs/symptoms of polyneuropathy, which can be divided (become sensory and hereditary) and consistent with the following:
- Sensory polyneuropathy - ataxia, numbness, muscle wasting and paresthesias.
- Hereditary Polyururopathy - scoliosis and hammer toes
Cause
The cause of polyneuropathy can be divided into offspring and obtained and therefore as follows:
- Inheritance - hereditary motor neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and hereditary neuropathy with responsibility for suppressing palsy
- Acquired - patients with diabetes mellitus, vascular neuropathy, alcohol abuse, and vitamin B12 deficiency
Pathophysiology
With regards to the pathophysiology of polyneuropathy, of course, the first one depends on which polyinuropathy . For example in the case of chronic inflammatory demyelin polineuropathy, a person discovers that it is an autoimmune disease. Here, T cell involvement has been demonstrated, while in terms of demyelination, antibodies alone are incapable.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of polyneuropathy begins with history and physical examination to ascertain the pattern of disease processes (such as arms, legs, distal, proximal) if they fluctuate, and what deficits and pain are involved. If pain is a factor, determining where and how long the pain has been present is important, one also needs to know what disturbances in the family and what illnesses the person may have. Although the disease is often suggested by physical examination and history alone, tests that may be used include: electrodiagnostic testing, serum protein electrophoresis, neural conduction studies, urinalysis, serum creatine kinase (CK) and antibody testing (sometimes nerve biopsies performed).
Other tests may be used, especially tests for specific disorders associated with polyneuropathy, a measure of quality has been developed to diagnose patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP).
Differential diagnosis
In the case of a differential diagnosis for polyneuropathy one should look at the following:
Treatment
In the treatment of polineuropathy one must ascertain and manage the cause, among management activities are: weight loss, use of walking aid, and the help of occupational therapists. In addition, BP control in diabetics is helpful, while intravenous immunoglobulin is used for multifocal motor neuropathy.
According to Lopate, et al., Methylprednisolone is a viable treatment for chronic inflammatory deminucleic polyneuropathy (which can also be treated with intravenous immunoglobulin). The authors also showed that prednisone had a greater detrimental effect in the treatment, compared with intermittent (high doses) of the aforementioned drugs.
According to Wu, et al., In supportive polineuropathy critical illness and preventive therapy are important for affected individuals, as well as, avoiding (or limiting) corticosteroids.
See also
References
Further reading
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Dimachkie, Mazen M.; Barohn, Richard J. (April 7, 2013). "Chronic Acute Deminination Polyurinopathy". Current Treatment Options in Neurology . 15 (3): 350-366. doi: 10.1007/s11940-013-0229-6. ISSNÃ, 1092-8480. PMCÃ, 3987657 . PMID 23564314. - Katirji, Bashar; Kaminski, Henry J.; Ruff, Robert L. Neuromuscular Disorders in Clinical Practice . Springer Science & amp; Business Media. ISBNÃ, 9781461465676 . Retrieved August 26 2016 . Ã,
- Said, Professor GÃÆ' Â © rard (2014). Peripheral & amp; Neuropathic Pain: Into The Light . tfm Publishing Limited. p.Ã, 17. ISBNÃ, 9781910079027 . Retrieved August 3 2016 .
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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