Associate football , better known as soccer or soccer , is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a ball ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the most popular sport in the world. The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The goal of the game is to score by moving the ball over the goal line into the opposing goal. The earliest form of football can be traced back to China (Han dynasty), originating from cuju, an ancient Chinese soccer game with standard games and established rules, as recognized by FIFA.
Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms outstretched while playing, unless they are a goalkeeper in their penalty area. Other players mainly use their feet to attack or pass ball, but may also use other parts of their body except the hands and arms. The team that scored the most goals by the end of the game wins. If the score is high enough at the end of the game, sweepstakes are declared or matches will enter additional time or penalties depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game was originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. The football association is governed internationally by the International Football Association Federation (FIFA: France: FÃÆ'  © dà © Ã… © ration Internationale de Football Association ), which hosts the World Cup for men and women every four years.
Video Association football
Name
The rules of association football were codified in England by the Football Association in 1863 and the name of the football association was created to differentiate the game from other forms of football played at the time, especially rugby football. The first written "reference to the inflated ball used in the game" was in the mid-14th century: "ÃÆ'že heued fro ÃÆ'¾e body go, als it a foteballe". The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the word "soccer" is "split in 1863". According to Partha Mazumdar, the term football originated in England, first appeared in the 1880s as Oxford's "-er" abbreviation of the word "association".
In the English-speaking world, football associations are now commonly referred to as football in the United Kingdom and especially football in Canada and the United States. People in Australia, Ireland, South Africa and New Zealand use either or both terms, although national associations in Australia and New Zealand now primarily use "football" for official names.
Maps Association football
History
According to FIFA, China's competitive game cuju (??, literally "kick ball") is the earliest form of football that there is evidence. Cuju players can use body parts other than hands and intent to kick the ball through the opening to the goal. It's very similar to modern football, although the resemblance to rugby happens. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), game cuju was standardized and rules were defined.
Phaininda and episkyros is a Greek ball game. A picture of an episkyros player depicted in a low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appeared in the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, refers to the Roman ball game harpastum . Phaininda , episkyros and harpastum are played with hand involvement and violence. They all look like rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what's known as modern football. Like the previously codified "mob football", antecedents of all the modern football codes, these three games involve more handling of the ball than kicking. Other games include here in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia.
The football association itself has no classical history. While there are similarities with other ball games played throughout the world FIFA has admitted that there is no historical connection to any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern football association rules are based on a mid-19th century effort to standardize the various forms of football played in public schools in England. The history of football in England dates back to the 8th century.
The Cambridge Rules, first drafted at Cambridge University in 1848, were influential in the development of the next code, including the football association. The Cambridge Regulation was written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They are not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs that were not connected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came with their own distinct code rules, notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by a former public school pupil in 1857, leading to the establishment of FA Sheffield in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thing of Uppingham School also composed a series of rules which is influential.
This sustained effort contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of October 26, 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern on Great Queen Street, London. The only school that was represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern is setting for five more meetings between October and December, which eventually resulted in a comprehensive set of first rules. At the last meeting, the first FA treasurer, representative of Blackheath, withdrew his club from the FA over the lifting of two draft regulations at the previous meeting: the first allowed to walk with the ball in hand; the second for blocking such runs by hacking (kicking the opponent in the shin), tripping and holding. Another English rugby club followed these instructions and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union. The remaining eleven clubs, under the responsibility of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen law of the game. These rules include handling the ball with a "mark" and a lack of crossbar, a rule that makes it very similar to the Victorian football rule developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between games.
The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, founded by CW Alcock and has been contested by British teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of CW Alcock. England is also home to the world's first soccer league, founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. The original format contains 12 clubs from Midlands and Northern England.
The law of the game is determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Council was formed in 1886 after meetings at the Manchester Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would abide by the Football Association Football Law. The increasing popularity of the international game led to the inclusion of FIFA representatives to the International Football Association Board in 1913. The council consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of the four British associations.
Today, football is played at professional level around the world. Millions of people regularly go to football stadiums to follow their favorite teams, while billions watch matches on television or on the internet. A large number of people also play football at amateur level. According to a survey conducted by FIFA published in 2001, more than 240 million people from more than 200 countries regularly play football. Football has the highest global television audience in sport.
In many parts of the world of football it arouses great passion and plays an important role in the lives of individual fans, local communities, and even countries. R. Kapuscinski says that polite, simple, or humble Europeans easily fall into anger while playing or watching football matches. The national football team of CÃÆ'Â'te d'Ivoire helped secure a ceasefire for the country's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between the government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing matches in the rebel capital BouakÃÆ'Â ©, an opportunity that brought both troops together, together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football was widely regarded as the last direct cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav War of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade turned into a May 1990 riot.
Women's soccer association
Women's early soccer
Women may have played "soccer" during the game. The evidence suggests that an ancient version of the game (Tsu Chu) was played by women during the Han Dynasty (25-220 CE). Two female figures depicted in Han Dynasty fresco (25-220 CE), play Tsu Chu. However, there are a number of opinions about date accuracy, the earliest estimate of 5000 BC.
The football association, the modern game, has also documented the early engagement of women. An annual competition in Mid-Lothian, Scotland during the 1790s was reported as well. In 1863, the governing body of football introduced a standard rule to prohibit violence in the field, making it more socially acceptable for women to play. The first game recorded by the Scottish Football Association took place in 1892 in Glasgow. In England, the first recorded soccer match between women occurred in 1895.
The most well-documented early European team was established by Nettie Honeyball activist in Britain in 1894. The club was named the English Football Club. Nettie Honeyball is quoted as saying, "I founded the association late last year [1894], with a definite determination to prove to the world that women are not 'ornamental and useless' creatures depicted by humans.I must admit, my belief in all those things sex is so widely shared that everything is on the side of emancipation, and I look forward to the moment when women may sit in Parliament and have a voice in the direction of affairs, especially the ones that concern them most. "Honeyballs and people like him paved the way for women's soccer. However, the women's game was favored by the English football association, and continued without their support. It has been suggested that this is motivated by the perceived threat to the 'masculinity' of the game.
Women's football became popular on a large scale during the First World War, when heavy industry work spurred game growth, as it had done for men fifty years earlier. The most successful team in that era was Dick, Kerr's Ladies of Preston, England. The team played in the first women's international match in 1920, against teams from Paris, France, in April, and also formed most of the England team against a Scottish Woman XI in 1920, and won 22-0.
Though more popular than some men's soccer games (one game saw 53,000 strong audiences), women's football in England suffered a blow in 1921 when The Football Association banned game play in the Association's members field, arguing that the game (As played by women ) not fun. Some people speculate that this may also be due to the envy of many people who are interested in women's games. This led to the formation of the British Women's Football Association and played a move to the rugby field.
Football football has been played by women since at least the first women's game recorded at the end of the 19th century. It has traditionally been associated with charity and physical exercise, especially in England. In the late 1960s and soccer soccer associations of the early 1970s held in England, it eventually became the most prominent team sport for British women.
the 20th and 21st centuries
The growth of women's football has seen great competition being launched at national and international levels reflecting the male competition. Women's soccer has undergone many struggles. It had a "golden age" in Great Britain in the early 1920s when the crowd reached 50,000 in several games; was discontinued on 5 December 1921 when the English Football Association decided to ban matches from bases used by its member clubs. The FA ban was lifted in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognize women's soccer in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since then, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.
Gameplay
The football association is played according to a set of rules known as Game Law. The game is played using a 68-70 cm (27-28Ã, Â °) round ball balls, known as football (or football balls). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into another team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thus scoring goals. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored the same number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by Laws of the Game: to represent his team in a coin before a kick-off or a penalty.
The main law is that players other than goalkeepers may accidentally handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, even though they have to use both hands during a re-throw. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around they can use their body parts (especially, "headed" with the forehead) in addition to their hands or arms. In normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move along the field, even though the ball is unacceptable in an offside position.
During game play, players attempt to create scoring chances through individual ball controls, such as dribbling, passing the ball to team mates, and by taking a shot on goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting the pass or by overcoming the opponent who has the ball; However, physical contact between opponents is limited. Football in general is a free-flowing game, with the game stopping only when the ball has left the playing field or when the game is stopped by the referee for a rule violation. After termination, roll back with the specified restart.
At the professional level, most of the matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2005-06 season in the Premiership resulted in an average of 2.48 goals per game. The Laws of the Game does not specify a player's position other than the goalkeeper, but a number of special roles have evolved. In general, this includes three main categories: strikes, or assailants, whose primary job is to score; defenders, who specialize in preventing their opponents from scoring goals; and the midfielder, who seized the clash and kept possession of the ball to forward it forward on their team. Players in this position are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. This position is subdivided according to the field field where players spend most of the time. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. Ten outfield players can be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the team's game style; more forward players and fewer defenders create more aggressive and offensive games, while instead creating a slower and more defensive style of play. While players usually spend most of the game in certain positions, there are some restrictions on player movements, and players can switch positions anytime. The team player layout is known as formation . Determining team formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team manager.
Legal
There are 17 laws in the Official Game Law, each containing a set of terms and guidelines. The same law is designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications to groups such as juniors, seniors, women and physically disabled persons are permitted. The legislation is often framed in broad terms, allowing flexibility in their applications depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game is published by FIFA, but is managed by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to seventeen laws, many IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to football regulation.
Players, tools, and officials
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom should be a goalkeeper. The competition rules can state the minimum number of players needed to form a team, which is usually seven. The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, as long as they do it inside the penalty area in front of their own goal. Although there are various positions in which outfield players (non-keepers) are strategically placed by a coach, this position is not specified or required by law.
Basic equipment or kit that players need to wear including shirts, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin shields. An athletic supporter and a protective trophy is highly recommended for male players by medical and professional experts. Headgear is not the basic equipment required, but current players may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injuries. Players are prohibited from using or using anything that is harmful to themselves or other players, such as jewelry or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by other players and match officials.
A number of players can be replaced by substitutes during the game. The maximum number of substitutions allowed in most competitive international and domestic league matches is three, even though the allowed amount may vary in other competitions or in friendlies. Common reasons for substitutions include injury, fatigue, ineffectiveness, tactical switch, or timing sense at the end of a quiet game. In standard adult matches, replaced players can not take part further in the game. The IFAB recommends "that matches should not continue if there are fewer than seven players on one team." The decisions about the points given for abandoned games are left to individual football associations.
The game is inaugurated by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Match of the Game in respect of the match he has appointed" (Law 5), and whose decision is final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees. In many high level games there is also a fourth official who helps the referee and can replace other officials if needed.
Ball
Round balls with a circumference of 68 and 70 centimeters (27 and 28 inches), weighing around 410 to 450 grams (14 to 16 oz), and pressure between 0.6 and 1.1 bars (8.5 and 15.6 pon). per square inch) at sea level. In the past the ball consisted of a joint sewing panel, with a latex bladder for air pressure but modern ball at all levels of the game is now synthetic.
Pitch
When the Law was formulated in England, and initially self-managed by four English football associations within the IFAB, the standard dimensions of football pitch were initially expressed in imperial units. The law now states dimensions with equivalent metric estimates (followed by traditional units in parentheses), although the use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrics (or just partial metrics), such as English.
The length of the field, or field, for international adult matches is in the range of 100-110 m (110-120 cm) and its width is in the range of 64-75 m (70-80 y). Fields for non-international matches may be 90-120 m (100-130 cm) and 45-90 m (50-100 m), provided the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) in length and 68 m (223 m) wide as a standard field dimension for international matches; However, this decision was then suspended and never actually implemented.
The longer boundary line is touchlines , while the shorter boundary (where the destination is placed) is the goal line . The rectangular target is positioned in the center of each goal line. The inner edges of the vertical goalposts should be 24 feet apart (7.3 m) apart, and the bottom edge of the crossbar supported by the goal posts should be 8 feet (2.4 m) above the ground. Nets are usually placed behind the destination, but are not required by law.
In front of goal is the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting at the 16.5 m (18 y) goal-line of the goal and extending 16.5 m (18 y) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and the line connecting them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent is to mark where the goalkeeper can handle the ball and where penalty penalty by the members of the defensive team becomes punished with a penalty kick. Other marks determine the position of the ball or players during kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks, and corner kicks.
Method of duration and tie breaking
The standard adult football game consists of two parts each 45 minutes. Every half runs continuously, meaning that the clock does not stop when the ball comes out of the game. There is usually a 15-minute break between two parts. The end of the game is known as full time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make allowances for lost time through substitutions of players, injury players who need attention, or other stoppages. This additional time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as extra time or injury time , while time loss can also be used as a synonym. The duration of termination is the absolute discretion of the referee. The stop time does not completely offset the time at which the ball is not played, the 90 minute game usually involves about an hour of "effective play time". The referee only gave the sign of the end of the game. In a match in which a fourth official is appointed, towards the end of the half the umpire gives a signal of how many minutes of extra time he wants to add. The fourth official then told the players and the audience by lifting a board showing this number. The end time of the signal can be extended by the referee. Additional time was introduced due to the incident that occurred in 1891 during the match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1-0 and with just two minutes left, Stoke was awarded a penalty. Villa keeper kicked the ball off the ground, and by the time the ball had recovered, 90 minutes had passed and the game ended. The same law also states that the duration of the half is well extended until the penalty kick to be taken or taken back is resolved, so no match will end with a penalty to be taken.
In a league competition, the game can end in a draw. In a knockout competition in which a winner is required various methods can be used to break such deadlock, some competition may request a replay. Games that are tied at the end of the regulatory time can go into additional time, consisting of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still bound after extra time, some competition allows the use of penalties (officially known in the Laws of the Game as a "penalty kick") to determine which team will advance to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored over an extra period of time were counted against the final score of the game, but a penalty kick was used only to decide which team advanced to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored on penalties did not make part of the final score).
In the competition using a two-leg match, each team competes at home once, with an aggregate score of two matches deciding which team to advance. When the aggregate is the same, the away goals rule can be used to determine the winner, in which case the winner is the team that scores the most on the legs they play away from home. If the result is the same, additional time and potentially a penalty shootout is required.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with creating winners without requiring penalties, often seen as an unwanted way to end a match. The rules involved end the game in extra time early, either when the first goal in the overtime is printed ( golden goal ), or if one team leads at the end of the first period of an extension ( silver goal ). Gold goals were used in the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup match decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first country to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating the Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. The silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both of these trials have been stopped by the IFAB.
Incoming and outgoing balls from play
Under Law, the two basic states playing during the game are the ball in the game and the ball out of the game . From the beginning of each period playing with a kick-off to the end of the playing period, the ball is played at any time, except when the ball is out of the playing field, or the game is stopped by the referee. When the ball becomes unplayable again, the game restarts with one of the eight restart methods depending on how it exits the game:
- Kick-off: follow the goal by the opposing team, or start each game period.
- Throw: as the ball passes the boundary; given to the opposing team for the last to touch the ball.
- The goal kick: when the ball has actually crossed the goalline that has been scored and the last player touched by the attacking team; given to the defending team.
- Corner kick: when the ball has really crossed the goalline that has been scored and last struck by players from defending teams; given to the attacking team.
- Indirect free kick: provided to the opposing team after a "non-criminal" violation, certain technical violations, or when the game is stopped to warn or dismiss an opponent without any particular violation. Goals may not be printed directly (without the ball first touching other players) from an indirect free kick.
- Direct free kick: given to the offending team after a certain "criminal" violation. Goals can be printed directly from direct free kicks.
- Penalty kick: given to the offending team after a violation that can usually be punished with a direct free kick but it happens within the area of ​​their opponent's penalty area.
- Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee stops playing for other reasons, such as serious injury to players, disruptions by external parties, or the ball becomes damaged.
Violation
On-field
Violations occur when a player commits an offense listed in the Laws of the Game when the ball is played. Violations that constitute a violation contained in Law 12. Handling the ball intentionally, injuring an opponent, or pushing an opponent, is an example of a "criminal penalty", can be punished with a direct free kick or a penalty kick depending on where the offense occurred. Other offenses may be penalized with indirect free kicks.
The referee can punish the player or substitute error with a warning (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). The second yellow card in the same game leads to a red card, and that results in dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writes the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought in their place and the player can not participate in the next game. Violations can occur at any time, and while offense is a violation, the definition is broad. In particular, the violation of "unsportsmanlike behavior" can be used to deal with most of the events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as a special violation. A referee may show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substitute. Non-players such as managers and support staff can not be shown a yellow or red card, but can be removed from the technical area if they fail to do themselves in a responsible way.
Rather than stop playing, the referee can let the game resume if it will benefit the team that has committed the offense. This is known as "play a profit". The referee can "recall" the play and punish the original offense if the anticipated gain does not occur within "seconds". Even if an offense is not punished for the benefit played, the offender may still be subject to sanctions for a mistake at the next stop of the game.
The decision of the referee in all matters in progress is considered final. The match's score can not be changed after the game, even if later evidence indicates that the decision (including award/non-award of the goal) is wrong.
Outside field
Along with the general administration of sport, football associations and competition organizers also uphold good behavior in the broader aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, club financial management, doping, age scams and match settings. Most of the competition enforces the mandatory suspension for players issued in matches. Several incidents on the ground, if taken seriously (such as racial harassment charges), may result in the competition deciding to impose tougher sanctions than are normally attributed to a red card. Some associations allow appeals against players suspensions that occur in the field if the club feels wrong or overly rude.
Sanctions for such offenses may be imposed on the individual or into the club as a whole. Penalties may include fines, point deductions (in league competition) or even expulsion from the competition. For example, the English Football League cut 12 points from any team entering the financial administration. Among other administrative sanctions are fines against game foreclosures. Teams that have lost a game or have been infringed will be given technical or winning losses.
The governing body
A recognized international football body (and related games, such as futsal and beach football) is FIFA. FIFA headquarters is located in ZÃÆ'¼rich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations related to FIFA; This is:
- Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
- Africa: African Football Confederation (CAF)
- Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
- North/Central America & amp; Caribbean: Confederation of Football Association of North, Central America and Caribbean (CONCACAF)
- Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
- South America: Konfederación Sudamericana de FÃÆ'ºtbol/ConfederaÃÆ'§ÃÆ' £ o Sul-americana de Futebol (Confederation of South American Football; CONMEBOL)
The national association oversees football in each country. These are generally identical to sovereign states, (eg Cameroon de Football Stadium in Cameroon) but also include a small number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (eg Scottish Football Associations in Scotland). 209 national associations affiliated with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.
While FIFA is responsible for organizing the competition and most of the rules relating to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the International Football Association Board, where each British Association has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.
International competition
The main international competition in football is the World Cup, organized by FIFA. The competition takes place every four years since 1930 with the exception of the 1942 and 1946 tournaments, which were canceled due to World War II. Around 190-200 national teams compete in a qualifying tournament within the confederation of the continent for a place in the final. The final tournament, held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a four-week period. The World Cup is the world's most prestigious association football tournament and the most viewed and followed sporting event in the world, even beyond the Olympics; the cumulative audience of all 2006 FIFA World Cup matches is estimated to be 26.29 billion with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the final game, the ninth of the entire population of the planet. The current champion is Germany, who won his fourth title at the 2014 tournament in Brazil. The FIFA Women's World Cup has been held every four years since 1991. Based on the current tournament format, the national team competes for 23 slots in a three-year qualifying phase. (The home team is automatically included as the 24th slot.) The current champions are the United States, having won their third title at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.
There's a soccer tournament in every Summer Olympics since 1900, except for the 1932 game in Los Angeles. Before the start of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during 1920) was the most prestigious international event. Originally, the tournament was only for the amateurs. As professionalism spread throughout the world, the quality gap between the World Cup and the Olympics widened. The most beneficiary countries are the Soviet Bloc countries in Eastern Europe, where top athletes are sponsored by the state while retaining their status as amateurs. Between 1948 and 1980, 23 of the 27 Olympic medals were won by Eastern Europe, with only Sweden (gold in 1948 and bronze in 1952), Denmark (bronze in 1948 and silver in 1960) and Japan (bronze in 1968) breaking their dominance. For the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, the IOC decided to accept professional players. FIFA still does not want the Olympics to rival the World Cup, so a hit compromise that allows teams from Africa, Asia, Oceania and CONCACAF to field their strongest professional side, while limiting UEFA and CONMEBOL teams to players who have not played in the World Cup. Since 1992, male competitors must be under the age of 23, and since 1996, players under 23, with three players over 23, are allowed per squad. Women's tournaments were added in 1996; Unlike the men's event, full-time international teams with no age limit play the women's Olympic tournaments.
After the World Cup, the most important international football competition is a continental championship, hosted by each continental confederation and contested among national teams. These are the European Championships (UEFA), Copa Amà © rica (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), Asian Cup (AFC), CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of six continental championships, current FIFA World Cup champions and the host country of the Confederations Cup. It's generally considered a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not bring the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competition in football clubs is their respective continental championships, which are commonly contested between national champions, such as UEFA Champions League in Europe and Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition compete with the FIFA Club World Cup.
Domestic competition
The governing bodies in each country operate the league system in the domestic season, usually consisting of several divisions, where teams earn points throughout the season depending on the outcome. The team is placed into the table, placing it in order of accrued points. Most often, each team plays every other team in the league at home and in every season, in a round-robin tournament. At the end of the season, the top teams are declared champions. Some of the top teams can be promoted to higher divisions, and one or more teams that complete the bottom are relegated to the lower divisions.
Teams ending at the top of the league may be eligible to play in international club competitions the following season. The main exception to this system occurs in several Latin American leagues, which divide the football championship into two sections named Apertura and Clausura (Spanish for Opening and Closure ), awarding for every. The majority of countries complement the league system with one or more "trophies" competitions held on a knock-out basis.
Some state top divisions feature high paying star players; in smaller countries and lower divisions, players can become part-time workers with second jobs, or amateurs. The top five European league - Bundesliga (Germany), Premier League (La Liga), La Liga (Spain), Serie A (Italy), and Ligue 1 (France) - attract most of the world's best players and each league has a total wage fee more than Ã, Â £ 600 million/EUR763 million/US $ 1.185 billion.
Hooliganism
Football hooliganism is a term used to describe irregular, violent or destructive behavior perpetrated by spectators at football events.
Variants and casual games
Football variants have been codified for small sized teams (ie five-sided soccer) in non-field environments (ie beach football, indoor soccer and futsal) and for teams with disabilities (ie football association paralimbia).
Casual games can be played only with minimal equipment - basic games can be played in almost any open area with a reasonable size only with balls and items to mark the position of two sets of goal posts. Such games can have team sizes varying from eleven to one, can use restricted or modified part of the official rules, and may be inaugurated by the players themselves.
See also
- Associated soccer culture
- The skills and soccer skills of the Association
- List of association football clubs
- List of football stadiums by country
- List of national male association football teams
- List of women's national soccer association teams
- Top scorers football list
- List of women's association football clubs
- List of associate football players
Note
References
External links
- Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
- Football association in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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