Dog bites are bites that are performed on a person, group of people, or other animals by dogs. One or more consecutive bites are often thought of as dog attacks . The majority of dog bites do not result in injury, disability, infection or permanent disability. Other types of dog bites are "soft bites" displayed by trained dogs, by puppies, and in non-aggressive games. Situations where dog bites occur include dog fighting, persecution, trained dogs that act as guards or military animals, provoked or unwarranted.
There is considerable debate as to whether certain breeds of dogs are inherently more likely to carry out attacks that cause serious injury (ie, instinctual driven and breed that, under some circumstances, they are very likely to try or carry out malicious attacks). Regardless of dog breeds, it is recognized that the risk of harmful dog attacks can be greatly increased due to human actions (such as neglect or against training) or non-action (such as carelessness and confinement).
A significant dog bite affects tens of millions of people globally every year. It is estimated that 2% of the US population, 4.5-4.7 million people, is bitten by dogs every year. Most bites occur in children. In the 1980s and 1990s, the US averaged 17 deaths per year, whereas in the 2000s this increased to 26. 77% of dog bites came from family or friends 'pets, and 50% of the attacks occurred on dog owners' properties. Animal bites, mostly from dogs, are the reason for a 1% visit to the emergency department in the United States.
Video Dog bite
Health effects
Rabies results in the death of about 55,000 people per year, with most of the causes of dog bites. Capnocytophaga canimors , MRSA, tetanus, and Pasteurella can be passed from dog to dog bitten person. Bergeyella zoohelcum is a new infection that is transmitted through dog bites. Infection with B. zoohelcum from dog bites can cause bacteremia.
Maps Dog bite
Cause
Even without provocation, some dogs will bite.
Breeds
All dog breeds can cause bites. Breeds are not an accurate predictor of whether the dog will bite or not. In the US pit bull-type and Rottweilers are most often identified as breeds in severe bite cases. This may be due to its size. This breed is more often owned by people involved in crime.
From 2000 to 2009, media accounts were compared with reports available from animal control officers. It was determined that in a sample of 256 deaths from dog bites, breeds can only be legally determined in 45 cases, and attacks in 45 cases are spread among 20 different breeds and 2 known mixtures. For the set of more than 401 dogs in the media accounts related to the deaths of dog bites, the determination of different breeds between different media accounts of the same attack 31% of the time, factoring in animal control accounts resulted in disagreements on breeds for 40% of attacks.
A 2000 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 327 people who were killed by a pit bull terrier or a mixture thereof were involved in 76 cases. Breed with the next highest mortality rate is Rottweiler and its mixture, with 44 casualties. The American Veterinary Medical Association released a statement that the study "can not be used to infer any type of specific risk for death from dog bites". These figures reported certain offspring as more prone to bite have found them to be descendants in the largest population in which dog bites are reported.
A study of 2015 in Ireland found that dog bite injuries greatly improved since the introduction of laws targeting certain types of dogs. The study also suggests that targeting dog breeds may actually contribute to an increase in dog-bite hospitalization by strengthening the false stereotype of the risks established by the breed. The study reported that as a result of targeting breeds of dogs, the stereotypes of certain hereditary hazards and assuming the safety of others simply because their breeding can lead people wrongly interact with dogs of both categories.
Prevention
Legislative bodies have addressed concerns about dog bites that include permit laws, laws that prohibit organized dogfights, and leash laws. Special Breed Rules (BSL), have been imposed in some areas that limit the ownership and activities of dogs that are considered more likely to bite and attack. This particular regulation is typically aimed at animals considered to be Rottweilers, American Staffordshire Bull Terriers ("Pit Bulls"), Chow Chows, German Shepherd Dogs, and Doberman Pinschers, "traditional breeds known as" dangerous, "or those who have shown a special tendency for aggression and violent behavior ". There is no evidence that breed-specific laws make communities safer for human or animal companions.
Other steps in preventing dog bites are signs ("Beware of Dogs") and locked dog enclosures. Dog owners are often opposed to protective regulations in courts that claim that the rule will not prevent bites and attacks and/or their rights as dog owners are violated.
A thick dog's hair protects it to some extent from another dog's bite.
Human activity can increase the risk of dog bites as well as age, height, and movement. CDC and the American Veterinary Medical Association have published recommendations that encourage those around dogs to:
- not approaching an unknown dog
- not run from dog
- remain immobile when approached by an unknown dog
- curl into a ball, while protecting your head and ears if it falls
- do not panic or make loud noises
- report strange dog
- do not disturb dogs that take care of puppies
- not a strange dog pet
- do not encourage your dog to play aggressively
- not allowing young children to play with unattended dogs
- avoid dogs if sick
- avoid waking dogs - calling dogs by name
- do not take the object from the dog's mouth
- avoid face-to-face interaction with dogs
- does not interfere with dogs while eating
- subtract dog interaction with children
- not trying to stop the dog fight
Part of the effort to reduce the prevalence of dog bite injuries has involved the passage of special breed legislation, which is intended to reduce ownership of breeds of dogs who are considered more likely to bite or cause serious injury in the event of a bite. Controversy lies in whether or not certain breeds of dogs are more vulnerable to bite than others. Although several studies have shown that breed-specific laws are not entirely effective in preventing dog bites, attempts to enforce regulations that restrict dog bites are ongoing. Animal rights are often questioned. Targeting certain dog types creates stereotypes. This affects the perceived risk of dog bite from certain breeds.
Dog behavior
In isolation, predatory behavior is rarely the cause of attacks on humans. Predator aggression is more often involved as contributing factors eg in attacks by many dogs; "kill killing instinct" may appear if some dog is involved in the attack.
Treatment
The risk of serious infections can be reduced by cleaning the wound and getting the right health care.
Local animal control agencies or police can sometimes catch animals and determine whether they are infected with rabies or not. This is important if the dog looks sick or acting strange.
Epidemiology
A significant dog bite affects tens of millions of people globally every year. It is estimated that 1.5-2 percent of the US population, from 4.5-4.7 million people, is bitten by dogs every year. Pit bulls slightly and killed 21 people during the 1980s. Most bites occur in children. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 deaths per year, while in the 2000s this had risen to 26. 77% of dog bites were from family pets or friends, and 50% of the attacks occurred on dog owners' properties. Animal bites, mostly from dogs, are the reason for a 1% visit to the emergency department in the United States. Young children suffer from bites by familiar dogs or families during normal activities. Some people, like very young or very old, are more prone to being bitten by dogs.
More serious injuries from dogs are often depicted in the media. In 2010, more people were killed by dogs (34) than were hit by lightning (29). Visits and care of the emergency department by those bitten in the thousands.
In a study of 1616 dog attacks handled by emergency department staff at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 58% of all pediatric patients bitten by dogs need treatment for lacerations and 5.5% of all treated need surgery to repair. Very young children (infants) are more than six times more likely to be bitten by family pets and more than six times more likely to sustain an injury in their necks and head. Children aged five and younger need care and repair 62% of the time. Dogs identified as Pit Bulls are involved in 50% bites that require surgical treatment in children. Dogs identified as pit bulls are more likely to make double bites in different areas of the body than children.
Austria
Approximately 5,900 Austrian people are treated every year after being bitten by a dog. A fifth of those wounded are children.
United States
In the United States, about 4.5 million people are bitten by dogs every year. Approximately twenty percent of dog bites become infected.
Society and culture
Legal issues
Dog owners can be responsible for the bites and injuries caused by their dogs to other people or dogs. In addition, states and local governments have passed laws and ordinances that allow the government to take action against dogs that are considered dangerous. In some cases, dog owners may be criminally charged for dog attacks against others.
All countries recognize that dog owners can potentially be liable for dog bites. Depending on the state, the rules for when the dog owner can be responsible for the bites will vary. The model of responsibility for dog bites falls into three broad categories:
- Common law . In common law, dog owners may be held liable for injuries caused by dogs known to their owners, or have reason to know, may be dangerous. Many common law jurisdictions have historically acknowledged the "one bite" rule, which means that no information indicates that dogs may be very dangerous to others, dog owners can not be held accountable for the first bite wounds caused by their dogs.
- Strict obligations . Countries that impose strict obligations make dog owners responsible for injuries caused by dogs, without considering the facts further. The law of strict liability may require that people seeking redress for dog bites prove that they are acting in peace and lawfully at the time of bite. The law can also recognize a limited range of defenses against responsibility, such as a dog owner who has successfully proven that the injured person entered unauthorizedly at the time of the injury or has been involved in a behavior that provokes an attack.
- Mixed law . many states take a mixed approach, passing laws based on common law but adding additional elements that must be proven for a dog bite injury to succeed in an injury claim, or provide a defense that is not available in common law.
Countries that have enacted laws that provide liability include Michigan, Rhode Island, Florida, California, and Texas. The bite laws of Connecticut dog provide strict accountability in most situations, subject to the exception if a person bitten by a dog enters without permission or is involved in a lawsuit, or is tempting, abusing, or torturing a dog.
In modern times, the United States has not accepted the idea that a dog, himself, can be criminally responsible. A California court explained that, although the tendency to anthropomorphize animals is understandable, especially with beloved pets such as dogs, the law does not recognize dogs having a mental condition that can lead to criminal liability. That is, although dogs and other animals may have the capacity to commit cruel and violent acts, they have no legal capacity to commit crimes.
See also
- Anthrozoology
- Coyote attacks on humans
- Dangerous Dogs Act 1991
- A fatal dog attack in the United States
- Wolves attack on humans
References
External links
- Aggressive dog travel guide from Wikivoyage
- bibliography NCIPC article on dog bites
- CDC Dog Bite Factsheet
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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