A firefighter is an extensively trained rescuer in firefighting, especially to extinguish dangerous fires that threaten life, property, and the environment and save people and animals from dangerous situations.
The complexity of modern life and industry has created the necessary upgrading skills in fire fighting technology. Fire departments, also known in some countries as firefighters or firefighters, are one of three major emergency services. From urban areas to ships, firefighters have spread everywhere around the world.
The skills required for safe operations are regularly practiced during training evaluations throughout the fire-fighting career. Early fire-fighting skills are usually taught through a fire academy or local, regional or state-approved training course. Depending on departmental requirements, additional skills and certifications such as technical rescue and pre-hospital medicines can also be obtained at this time.
Firefighters work closely with other emergency response agencies such as police and emergency medical services. The role of a fireman can overlap with both. Fire researchers or firefighters investigate the cause of the fire. If fires are caused by arson or neglect, their work will overlap with law enforcement. Firefighters also often provide some emergency medical services, in addition to working with full-time paramedics.
The basic tasks of firefighters include: fire suppression, rescue, fire prevention, first aid, and investigation. Firefighters are further broken down into skills that include: size, blackout, ventilation, search and rescue, rescue, detention, cleaning and inspection.
Video Firefighter
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Fire burns because of the presence of three elements: fuel, oxygen and heat - often referred to as the flame triangle . Sometimes known as flame tetrahedron if the fourth element is added: a chemical chain reaction that can help retain some type of fire. The purpose of firefighting is to remove fire from at least one of these elements. Most commonly this is done by flushing fire with water, although some fires require other methods such as foam. Firefighters are equipped with a variety of equipment for this purpose which includes: ladder trucks, pumper trucks, tank trucks, fire hoses, and fire extinguishers.
Although fire may occasionally be limited to a small area of ​​the structure, wider collateral damage due to smoke, water and burning of coal is common. Death utilities (such as gas and electricity) are usually an initial priority for the arrival of the fire crew. Special procedures and equipment are required on the property where hazardous materials are used or stored.
Fire structures can be attacked with "interior" or "exterior" resources, or both. The interior crew, using the "two in, two out" rule, can extend the line of fire hoses inside the building, find fire and cool it with water. The exterior crew can direct water to windows and other openings, or to the nearest fuel exposed to the initial flame. The flow of water directed to the interior through the exterior wall holes can cause conflicts and harm the crew of interior fire attacks.
- See also Fire suppression for other techniques.
Buildings made of combustible materials such as wood differ from fireproof building materials such as concrete. Generally, "fireproof" buildings are designed to limit fire to small areas or floors. Other floors can be safe by preventing smoke from inhaling and damaging. All suspected or burned buildings should be evacuated, regardless of fire rating.
Some fire fighting tactics may seem damaging, but often serve special needs. For example, as long as the firefighter is forced to open a hole in the roof or floor of the structure (called vertical ventilation), or open windows and walls (called horizontal vents) to remove smoke and hot gas from the inside of the structure. Such ventilation methods are also used to improve the visibility of the interior to find victims more quickly. Ventilation helps preserve the lives of trapped or unconscious individuals while releasing toxic gases from within the structure. Vertical ventilation is essential for fire safety in case of flashback or backdraft scenarios. Releasing flammable gases through the roof eliminates the possibility of backdraft, and heat removal reduces the possibility of flashover. Flashovers, due to their intense heat (900-1200 ° Fahrenheit) and explosive temperament, are usually fatal to fire-fighting personnel. Preventive methods, such as destroying windows, reveal backdraft situations before firefighters enter the structure and meet with circumstances directly. Fire safety is the number one priority.
Whenever possible, the property is moved to the center of the room and covered with a salvage cover, a tarp like a heavy cloth. Steps such as taking and protecting valuables found during windows of suppression or overhaul and ups and roofs can divert or prevent post-fire runoff.
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Technical help
Firefighters rescue people (and animals) from dangerous situations such as structural fires, motor vehicle accidents, structural collapse, trench collapse, cave and tunnel emergencies, emergency water and ice, emergency elevators and escalators, emergency power outlets, and accidents industry. Many firefighting departments, including most in Britain, refer to themselves as a fire bust and rescue service for this reason. Since building fires have declined over the years in developed countries like the United States, saving aside from fires makes an increasing proportion of the work of their firefighters.
Fire prevention
Fire departments often advise people on how to prevent fires. Many will directly inspect buildings to ensure that they comply with current building fire regulations, so that a building can adequately contain fire spread, potential hazards lie, and to ensure that occupants can be safely evacuated, according to the risk involved..
The fire suppression system has a proven record for controlling and extinguishing unwanted fires. Many firefighters suggest that every building, including residence, has a sprinkler system. A sprinkler working properly in a residence greatly reduces the risk of death from a fire. With typical small rooms, one or two sprinklers can cover most of the rooms.
Another method of fire prevention is to direct efforts to reduce known harmful conditions or by preventing harmful actions before a tragedy strike. This is usually done in many innovative ways such as presenting, distributing safety brochures, providing news articles, writing public safety announcements (PSAs) or building meaningful exhibitions in well-visited areas. Ensuring that every household has a working smoke alarm, being educated in proper fire safety techniques, having an evacuation route and meeting point is a top priority in public education for most fire prevention teams in almost all firefighting areas.
HAZMAT
Firefighters in the United States are often the first responders to dangerous material fire situations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard 1910.120 defines the first four standards of first responders' awareness training, first respondent's operating level, hazardous materials technician, and Dangerous materials specialist. EMS-based medicaments are usually trained for awareness levels, whereas firefighters and volunteers are often trained to the level of surgery or better. Other countries have trained only elite firefighters and rescuers to do hazmat so that funding and equipment can go to fewer stations. It gives the personnel department of hazmat elite and high-grade equipment for an incident. Departments put these companies in stations where they can be very mobile.
The custom response role
- Rescue fire fighters/aircraft
- Harmful material technician
- Technical rescue technician
- SCUBA rescue technician
- Emergency medical services personnel:
-
- Emergency Medical Technician
- Advanced Emergency Medical Technician
- Paramedic
Health and safety
Direct risk
Fire
To enable protection against the inherent risks of fire, firefighters wear and carry protective and self-preservation equipment at all times. The self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) sends air to firefighters through a full face mask and is used to protect from inhaling smoke, toxic fumes, and superheated gases. Special devices called Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS) are generally used independently or as part of SCBA to alert others when firefighters stop moving for a period of time or manually operate the device. The PASS device sounds an alarm that can help other firefighters (fire guard team and search team (FAST), or quick intervention team (RIT), to find the firefighter in a state of distress.
Firefighters often carry personal lifelines. The rope is generally 30 feet long and can provide a fire extinguisher (which has enough time to spread the rope) partially controlled out of the elevated window. The lack of personal lifelines is cited in the deaths of two New York City Fire Brigades, Lieutenant John Bellew and Lt. Curtis Meyran, who died after they jumped from the fourth floor of a burning apartment building in the Bronx. Of the four firefighters who jumped and survived, only one of them had a self-sustaining strap. Since the incident, the New York City Fire Department has issued a rescue line to their firefighters.
Heat injury is a big problem for firefighters because they wear isolated clothing and can not release the heat generated from physical activity. Early detection of heat problems is essential to stop dehydration and heat pressures become fatal. The onset of heat stress affects cognitive function combined with operations in hazardous environments making heat stress and dehydration an important issue to monitor. Monitoring the physiological status of firefighters shows promise in alerting the EMS and commander to the status of their people in the land of fire. Devices such as PASSAL devices warn 10-20 seconds after firefighters stop moving in the structure. The physiological status monitor measures the status of the fire officer's vital signs, fatigue and exertion levels and transmits this information through his voice radio. This technology allows an early warning level of physiological stress. This device is similar to the technology developed for the Future Force Warrior and provides measures of exertion and fatigue. They also tell people outside the building when they stop moving or fall. This allows the supervisor to call additional machines before the flight crew runs out and also give an early warning to the firefighters before they run out of air, as they may not be able to make voice calls over their radios. OSHA tables currently exist for heat injury and the amount of work allowed in certain environments based on temperature, humidity and solar loading.
Structural collapse
The main cause of other deaths during fire fighting is the structural collapse of a burning building (eg walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, or frame systems). Structural collapse, which often occurs without warning, can destroy or trap firefighters within the structure. To avoid loss of life, all firefighters on duty must maintain two-way communication with the incident commander and are equipped with personal security warning system devices on all fire scenes and keep radio communications on all incidents (PASS). Francis Brannigan is the founder and largest contributor to this fire safety element.
Traffic collision
In the United States, 25% of firefighter deaths are caused by a traffic collision when responding or returning from an incident. Other firefighters have been injured or killed by vehicles in a fire or emergency (Paulison 2005). The usual fire department action to prevent this is to ask firefighters to wear bright yellow reflective vests on their turnout jackets if they have to work on public roads, to make them more visible to passing drivers. In addition to the immediate hazards of firefighters, cardiovascular disease accounts for about 45% of the deaths of firefighters.
Violence
Firefighters are sometimes attacked by community members when responding to calls. Such attacks can cause firefighters to fear their safety and may cause them to not have full focus on situations that may result in injury to themselves or patients.
Long-term risk
Cardiovascular Disease
Firefighters have long been associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. In the United States, the most common cause of deaths that work for firefighters is the sudden death of the heart. In addition to personal factors that may affect individuals for coronary artery disease or other cardiovascular diseases, occupational exposure can significantly increase a firefighter's risk. Historically, the fire service has blamed the poor physical condition of firefighters for being the leading cause of cardiovascular death. However, over the past 20 years, research and research have shown toxic gases that make fire-fighting service personnel at significantly higher risk for cardiovascular and mortality-related conditions. For example, carbon monoxide, present in almost all environments of fire, and hydrogen cyanide, is formed during the burning of paper, cotton, plastic, and other substances containing carbon and nitrogen. Substances in the material change during bi-combustion of their products interfere with the transport of oxygen in the body. Hypoxia can cause cardiac injury. In addition, chronic exposure to particulate matter in smoke is associated with atherosclerosis. Noisy exposure can contribute to hypertension and possible ischemic heart disease. Other factors associated with firefighting, such as stress, heat stress, and heavy physical activity, also increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
During the fire suppression activate firefighters can reach the top or near the heart rate which can act as a trigger for heart events. For example, tachycardia can cause plaque to accumulate and escape and is a small part of the heart that causes myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack. This along with unhealthy habits and lack of exercise can be very dangerous for the health of firefighters.
Cancer
A retrospective longitudinal study 2014 shows that firefighters have a higher risk for certain types of cancer. Firefighters have mesothelioma, which is caused by asbestos exposure, twice the population working outside firefighters. The younger firefighter (under age 65) also develops bladder cancer and prostate cancer at a higher rate than the general population. The risk of bladder cancer may be present to female firefighters, but the study can not be concluded by 2014. Preliminary research from 2015 on a large cohort of US firefighters shows a direct link between the number of hours spent against fire and lung cancer and leukemia deaths in firefighters. This link is a topic of continuing research in the medical community, such as cancer deaths in general among firefighters.
Firefighters are exposed to various carcinogens in fires, including chemicals and carcinogenic radiation (alpha radiation, beta radiation, and gamma radiation).
Mental stress
Like other emergency workers, firefighters can witness a traumatic scene during their careers. They become more vulnerable than most people for certain mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal thoughts and behavior. Among women in the US, the highest suicide rates are police and firefighters, at a rate of 14.1 per 100 000, according to the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC.
Hearing loss
Another long-term risk factor of fire fighting is exposure to high sound levels, which can cause noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus. NIHL affects the sound frequency between 3,000 and 6,000 Hertz first, then more frequently exposed, will spread to more frequencies. Many consonants will be more difficult to hear or not hear with NIHL because the higher frequencies are affected, resulting in poorer communication. NIHL is caused by exposure to sound levels at or above 85dBA according to NIOSH and at or above 90dBA according to OSHA. dBA represents a weighted decibel A. dBA is used to measure the sound level associated with occupational exposure of sounds as it tries to mimic the sensitivity of the human ear to different sound frequencies. OSHA uses a 5-dBA exchange rate, which means that for every 5dBA increase in sound from 90dBA, the acceptable exposure time before the risk of permanent loss of hearing occurs decreases by half (starting with 8 hours of acceptable exposure time at 90dBA). NIOSH uses a 3-dBA exchange rate starting from 8 hours of acceptable exposure time in 85dBA.
The exposure time required to potentially cause damage depends on the level of sound exposed. The most common causes of excessive sound exposure are sirens, transportation to and from fire, fire alarms, and work equipment. Traveling in emergency vehicles has shown to expose a person between 103 and 114dBA votes. According to OSHA, exposure to this level is acceptable between 17 and 78 minutes and according to NIOSH is acceptable between 35 seconds and 7.5 minutes for 24 hours a day before permanent hearing loss can occur. This time period assumes that no other high-level sound exposure occurs within the 24 hour timeframe. The siren often produces about 120 dBA, which according to OSHA, 7.5 minutes of exposure is required and according to NIOSH, 9 seconds exposure is required within a period of 24 hours before permanent hearing loss can occur. In addition to high sound levels, another risk factor for hearing loss is exposure to chemicals that are ototoxic.
The average working day for firefighters can often be below the sound exposure limits for OSHA and NIOSH. While the average day of voice exposure as a firefighter is often below the limit, firefighters may be exposed to impulse noise, which has very low acceptable time exposure before permanent hearing damage can occur due to its high intensity and short duration.
There is also a high level of hearing loss, often NIHL, in firefighters, which increases with age and number of years working as firefighters. Hearing loss prevention programs have been implemented in several stations and have been shown to help lower the level of firefighters with NIHL. Other efforts have been made to reduce sound exposure for firefighters, such as closing the firetrucks cabin to lower siren exposure while driving. The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) is responsible for programs and occupational health standards in firefighters that address what auditory sensitivity is required to work as a firefighter but also enforces early and yearly hearing tests (based on OSHA hearing maintenance rules). Although NIHL can be a risk that occurs from working as firefighters, NIHL can also be a security issue to communicate while doing work as communicating with colleagues and victims is essential for safety. Hearing protective equipment has been used by firefighters in the United States. The earplugs are the most used hearing protective device (HPD) because they are most easily installed quickly. Several fire departments have used HPDs that have integrated communication devices, allowing firefighters to talk to each other at a safe but sounding level of sound, while lowering the level of dangerous sounds around them.
Firemen around the world
In Germany, even the smallest villages are required to have volunteer firefighters, called "Freiwillige Feuerwehr", by law. Even Germany's largest city, Berlin, with more than 3.6 million inhabitants, has volunteer firefighters in addition to regular paid fire service. However, due to urbanization and shrinking populations, very small villages may be exempted from this requirement if the area can be shut down by firefighters from neighboring towns. If this does not happen, firefighters must be formed by conceptualizing any well-aged occupant between 18 and 63 years of age. Fire service is mandatory for cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. As a result, only 103 German cities have firefighting services, called "Berufsfeuerwehr", but in all these cities volunteer fire service also exists. In cities with fire-fighting services, volunteer firefighters support fire-fighting services in case of multiple emergencies at once, major fires, accidents and disasters. In some large cities (usually more than 35,000 people) large volunteer firefighters may consist of a career firefighter core supported by genuine volunteer firefighters. However, the official title of the department is "voluntary fire service".
The structure in Austria is similar to Germany. There are only six firefighting services in Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Linz. In 2007, about 4,527 volunteer firefighters, the backbone of the Austrian fire service, could rely on about 320,000 volunteer men and women firefighters as active members. Fire departments exist even in the smallest villages, where they contribute to people's lives, usually by organizing exhibitions and other fundraising events.
In Venezuela, there are, in addition to the above-mentioned types, the university firefighters. They attend emergencies within the campus and surrounding zones; However, their most important job is to develop new technology in this field, thanks to the high level of education of its members: at the Sim Bolhvar University Volunteers Fire Department, about 80% of its members have a bachelor's degree or are in the process of getting one.
In Japan, fire services are organized by city/village/village. There are 894 fire headquarters and 3,598 volunteer fire corps. It has a total of 155,000 active firefighters and 21,000 vehicles with 4,800 fire homes; 920,000 fire fighters share 51,000 additional trucks.
In Romania, the Romanian Inspectorate General for Emergency Situations is responsible for fire suppression and civil defense.
In Singapore, Singapore's Civil Defense Force is responsible for fire fighting and emergency response. In addition to firefighters, there are firefighters, generally young adults between the ages of 18-25, who join under the national service scheme (see Compulsory in Singapore).
In the municipality of India is required by law to have firefighters and participate in regional fire services. Each city has its own fire brigade. The main function of firefighting services in India is the provision of fire and service protection during emergencies such as building collapses, drowning cases, gas leaks, oil spills, road and rail accidents, rescue of birds and animals, fallen trees, appropriate action during natural disasters, etc. Industrial companies also have their own fire service. Each airport and port has its own fire fighting unit.
Chile is the only country in the world where all firefighters are volunteers. The Great Fire of ValparaÃÆ'so in April 2014 sparked a debate about whether the system should be maintained in this way or whether paid firefighters should be introduced. The fire department is part of the Junta Nacional de Bomberos (Council of National Fire Officers), established in 1970. It works with all companies in the country, coordinating, guiding and serving as a liaison between the government and the Corps.
Communications and command structure
Appropriate or accurate alarm handling or alarm calling is an important factor in the success of any incident. Fire department communications play an important role in successful outcomes. The fire department's communications include methods that can be used by the public to notify emergency communications centers, methods in which the center can notify the appropriate firefighters, and the methods in which information is exchanged on the spot. One way is to use megaphones to communicate.
A telecommunicator (often called a dispatcher) has a different role than but is just as important as other emergency personnel. Telecommunications must process calls from unknown and invisible individuals, usually calling in pressurized conditions. He should be able to obtain complete and reliable information from the callers and prioritize assistance requests. It is the responsibility of the dispatcher to discipline the chaos.
While some firefighting departments are large enough to use their own telecom operators, most rural and small areas rely on central staff to provide fire handling, rescue, and police services.
Firefighters are trained to use communications equipment to receive alarms, give and take orders, seek help, and report conditions. Because firefighters from various agencies routinely help each other, and routinely operate on incidents where other emergency services are present, it is important to have a structure in place to form an integrated chain of command, and to share information between agencies. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has established the National Event Management System. One component of this system is the Incident Command System.
All radio communications in the United States are under the authorization of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC); thus, the fire department operating the radio equipment must have a radio license from the FCC.
The ten codes were popular in the early days of radio equipment due to poor transmission and reception. The advancement of modern radio technology has reduced the need for ten codes and many departments have switched to simple English (clear text).
Ratings
Many firefighters are inaugurated with command structures similar to the military and police. They have no common police force (some firefighters in the United States have limited police forces, such as fire police, while certain fire marshals have full police forces, the ability to make interminable arrests, and the authority to carry firearms and deadly -duty), but has special enforcement and control forces in fire and emergency situations.
The basic American fire department is a small unit called a "company", a group of firefighters who usually work on the same machine. Commonwealth fire services are more likely to be organized around "clocks", which work with the same shift on many machines.
Belgium
Canada
Ratings among Canadian firefighters vary across countries and rankings mostly appear with larger departments:
Toronto
Montreal
- Vancouver
Chili
Ratings are shared between Company Officers and Fire Department Officers, which can be shared between Active Officers (Field Officers) and Administrative Officers respectively. The active officer is the captain, and two or three lieutenants, the three active officers are distinguished by their red helmets.
Commonwealth
Most fire brigades in Commonwealth countries (excluding Canada) have a more "civilian" nomenclature, traditionally composed. For example, the general structure in the English brigade is:
French
The French civilian fire service, which has historically come from the French army units, uses the rank of the French Army. The highest rank in many departments is a full colonel. Only the NCO's main ranks are used at both the Paris Fire Brigade and the Marseille Naval Battalion; since 2013 has been removed in other fire departments.
- Ministry of Home Affairs
- Director General of Civil Security and Crisis Management
- Director of Fire Protection
- Comptroller General
- Civilian Fire Service (Class A Class Fire Brigade)
- Comptroller General
- Senior colonel/Colonel
- Civilian Fire Service (Class A Class Fire Brigade)
- Lieutenant Colonel
- Commander
- Captain
- Civilian Fire Service (Class B Class Fire fighters)
- Senior Lieutenant/First Class/Second Class Lecturer
- Civilian Fire Service (Class C Combe Professionals)
- A three-year aide with a badge and a title of Head of Aides
- Adjutant
- The sergeant with three years' time earned the Sergeant Head's badge and title
- Sergeant
- Chief Corporal
- Corporal
- Mine Search
German
In Germany every federal state has its own civil protection law so they have different ranking systems. In addition, in the volunteer fire department, there is a difference between rank and official position. It is based on the military tradition of the fire department. Every firefighter can hold a high rank without having an official position. A firefighter can be promoted by years of service, training skills, and qualifications. Official positions are partially selected or awarded by ability. This condition allows older ordinary firefighters to rank higher than their leaders. But through this ranks there is no authority given (Brevet).
- Professional Fire Fighter (Secondary Technical Class) from Rheinland-Pfalz
Basic fire training.
- Professional Fire Fighters (Top Technical Classroom) from Rheinland-Pfalz
Bachelor of Engineering and two-year training department.
- Professional Fire Brigade (Higher Technical Value) from Rheinland-Pfalz
Master of Engineering and two years training department.
- Helmet insignia of Rheinland-Pfalz
Italy
The Vigili del Fuoco, (literally the word "Vigili" is derived from the Latin word "Vigiles", meaning "which is part of a particular guard") has the official name of Corpo nazionale dei vigili del fuoco (CNVVF, National Firefighters Corps).
CNVVF is an Italian institutional institution for fire and rescue services. It is part of the Ministry of Interior, Public Rescue, and Public Protection Department. CNVVF's job is to provide security for people, animals and property, and control building and industry compliance to fire safety regulations. The Ministry of the Interior, through CNVVF, adopted the rules of fire safety with ministerial decrees or other lower ranked documents. CNVVF also ensures public rescue in emergencies involving the use of chemical, bacteriological, radiological and material weapons. Since 2012 Corps uses its own rank (originally from 2007) with a military-style symbol that is suitable to honor its origins.
By 2016 CNVVF has committed in forest fire fighting activities along with regional forestry agencies, following the suppression of the National Forest Guards, which are incorporated into the Carabinieri (firefighters integrated into CNVVF)..
Iran
In Iran, every city has its own firefighters, but ranks equally across the country, and is as follows:
ireland
In Ireland, the traditional brigade rank structure is still being adopted. Below is a common structure for most brigades, Cork and Dublin Fire Brigade have additional ratings:
Japanese
The Japanese Fire Department rank jump was placed on a small badge and pinned on top of the right pocket. Ranking is told by the lines and stars of the hexagram. The design of the emblem comes from the older Japanese military style. Officers and Team Leaders can wear armbands on the sleeves of a fire jacket to show status as command leader. Sometimes ratings can be displayed as different colored fire jackets for command staff. White and gray colors are provided for EMS. Orange is reserved for rescuers.
Malaysia
Dutch
New Zealand
In New Zealand, the rank is shown on the epulattes on the uniform of the fire station, and through the colors and lines on the fire-fighting helmets. Since the nation has only one fire department, the New Zealand Fire Department, its ranks are consistent across the country.
Polish
Russian Federation
In the Russian Federation, decals are applied symmetrically on both sides of the helmet (front and back). The location of decals on special clothing and SCBA is set for each fire department of the same type in the territorial entity. The following rankings are used by civilian personnel of the State Fire Service, while military personnel use ranks similar to Russian Police, due to their pre-2001 history as fire departments of the Ministry of Interior of the Russian Federation before all firefighters. the service was transferred to the Emergency Situations Department.
Tunisia
The Tunisian firefighter is actually the same as the national army, police and garde.
United States
In the United States, helmet colors often indicate rank or position of firefighter. In general, a white helmet shows the officer's head, while a red helmet can show a company officer, but the specific meaning of the color or style of the helmet varies from region to region and department to department. The rank of officer in the American fire department is most often represented by a number of talking trumpets, references to devices such as megaphones used in the early days of fire services, though commonly called "trumpets" in contemporary languages. The rank goes from one of the five (lieutenant) trumpets. The traditional ranks in the existing American fire department but may not always be used in all cities or towns include:
In many firefighting departments in the US, the captain is usually the commander of a company and a lieutenant is a supervisor of a firefighter at work. There is no state or federal ranking structure for firefighters and each municipality or volunteer firefighter creates and uses their own unique structure.
However, some other American firefighting departments like the FDNY use the military rank in addition or in place of traditional squirrels. In addition, the officer at the trucking company has been known to use the axis-shaped rank symbol for Lieutenant (1) and Captain (2).
Fire extinguishers
List some of the equipment normally used by firefighters:
- Hand tools, like
- Flat head ax and ax flops
- Pike pole
- Halligan Bar
- Flashlight
- Passkey key
- Circular ("K-12"), Cutting Edge and chain saw
- Hydraulic rescue tools such as spreaders, cutters, and rams
- Personal protective equipment ("PPE") is designed for water resistance and high temperatures, such as
- Bunker fittings, including a jacket and pants selector
- Self-help breathing apparatus (SCBA)
- Helmets, face masks and visors; climbing helm
- Safety shoes, gloves, and Nomex and carbon Flash hats
- Personal signature security system (PASS) device
- Handheld radios, pagers, or other communication devices
- Thermal imaging camera
- Gas detector
History of fire brigade
Although people have fought because there are precious things to burn, the first example of organized professionals fighting structural fires took place in Ancient Egypt. Likewise, the Roman Republic fire extinguisher exists solely as a privately-organized and privately-funded group operating more like a business than a public service; however, during the Leadership period, Augustus revolutionized fire suppression by calling for the establishment of fire guards trained, paid, and equipped by the state - the first truly public and professional firefighting service. Known as Vigiles, they are organized into cohorts and also serve as night watchmen and city police.
The earliest US fire department was a volunteer, including a volunteer firefighter in New Amsterdam, now known as New York. Firms consist of citizens who offer their time to help protect the community. As time passes and new cities emerge throughout the region there is a sharp increase in the number of volunteer departments. The first career fire department was not established in the United States until 1853 in Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati Fire & EMS Department). Many large cities are beginning to form full-time staff to try to facilitate greater call volumes associated with fires. Fire Department St. Louis followed Cincinnati four years later and became the second fire department established in the country followed by other big cities like New York (FDNY). City fire departments withdraw their funds directly from city taxes and share the same budget with other public works such as police departments and junk services. Aside from the big city firefighters, many suburbs and densely populated cities have firefighting departments. The main difference between the city department and the city department is funding. City fire departments do not share their budgets with other services and are considered private entities within the jurisdiction. This means that they have their own taxes that meet their budgetary needs. Another major difference is the structure of the department. The city fire department has a mayor at the top of the chain where as the city department has elected board officials who help maintain and run the department along with staff chiefs.
Professional vs. Fire Department Volunteers
In a country with a comprehensive fire service, the fire department should be able to send firefighters to an emergency every hour, day or night, to arrive at the scene within minutes. In urban areas, this means that full-time firefighters usually have shift jobs, with some providing cover every night. On the other hand, it may be impractical to employ full-time firefighters in the villages and isolate small towns, where their services may not be needed for days. For this reason, many fire departments have firefighters who spend a long time responding to a rare emergency; they may have regular work outside the fire department. Whether they are paid or not differ by country. In the United States and Germany, the volunteer fire department provides most of the cover in rural areas. In England and Ireland, on the contrary, real volunteers are rare. Instead, "detained firefighters" are paid to respond to incidents, along with a small salary as they spend a long time on the call.
Dog
In the popular literature firefighters are sometimes depicted with Dalmatian dogs. This breed originated in southern Europe and was primarily responsible for herding cattle and running alongside horse-drawn carriages. In the days of a horse-drawn fire vehicle, the horses are usually released when it arrives at the fire and the Dalmatians will lead the horses through the traffic and to a safe place to wait until the fire goes out. Dalmatians also fill the role of protecting the hooves of other dogs when the equipment is being taken to the location of the fire.
In fact, most fire dogs are mutants that are pulled off the road (and thus cheaper to buy). In addition, Dalmatians have a reputation for skittishness and congenital defects, such as deafness and more violent tendencies due to inbreeding.
Fundraisers
Funds for fire-fighting equipment may be raised by firefighters themselves, especially in the case of volunteer organizations. Events like breakfast pancakes and chili foods are common in the US. Social events are also used to raise money, including dance, community exhibitions, and car washes.
Famous firefighters
- James Braidwood (firefighter) (1800-1861), founder of the city's fire brigade in Edinburgh, 1824
- John Decker (1823-1892), head of the New York City department during the 1863 draft riots
- RaÃÆ'ºl GÃÆ'¡ndara-Cartagena (1895-1989), Puerto Rico's oldest and oldest fire department
- James J. Kenney (1869-1918), Berkeley, California, politician, first head of firemen in this city
- Louis R. Nowell (1915-2009), Los Angeles, California, member of the City Council, a firefighter for 23 years
- Prather Chip (born 1953), head of both Orange County, California, Fire Authority
- Vladimir Pravik (1962-1986), a Soviet firefighter working in the Chernobyl disaster, died on 11 May due to acute radiation illness
- Joseph Pfeifer, New York City, New York, Head of Counterterrorism and emergency preparedness, was the first to make an official 9/11 report and lead operations at the WTC
See also
- Firemen apparatus
- Fire Brigade
- Burning firefighter
- History of firefighting
- Incident Command System
- Index of firefighting articles
- Save
- Smokejumper
- Volunteer firefighter
- Catching wild fire
- Wildland Firefighter Foundation
- Women in firefighters
References
External links
Media related to Fire Department in Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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