Word salad is "a confusing or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases", most commonly used to describe symptoms of neurological or mental disorders. Words may or may not be true grammatically, but semantics are confused to the point that the listener can not extract meaning from them. This term is often used in psychiatry as well as in linguistic theory to describe the type of grammatical acceptance assessment by native speakers, and in computer programming to describe textual randomization.
Video Word salad
Dalam psikiatri
The word salad can describe symptoms of a neurological or psychiatric condition in which a person tries to communicate an idea, but words and phrases that may seem random and unrelated out in an incoherent sequence instead. Often, the person does not realize that he does not make sense. It appears in people with dementia and schizophrenia, as well as after anoxic brain injury. Clang associations are very typical of mania, as seen in bipolar disorder, as a somewhat more severe variation of ideational escape. In extreme mania, patient speech may become incoherent, with associations that are clearly loosened, thus presenting as a real salad word.
This may be present as:
- Clanging, speech patterns that follow rhyming and other sound associations rather than meaning
- Graphorrhea, the written version of salad is seen less frequently than logorrhea in people with schizophrenia.
- Logorrhea, a mental state characterized by excessive speech (incoherent and compulsive)
- Receptive thasia
- Schizophasia, a mental state characterized by incoherent babbling (compulsive or intentional, but unreasonable)
Maps Word salad
In computing
Word salad can be generated by computer programs for entertainment purposes by entering randomly selected words of the same type (nouns, adjectives, etc.) into the template sentences with missing words, games similar to Mad Libs. Maxis video game company, in seminal SimCity 2000, uses this technique to create "in-game" newspapers for entertainment; columns are prepared by taking a vague structure of the story, and using randomization, inserting various nouns, adjectives, and verbs to produce a seemingly unique story.
Another way to generate meaningless text is mojibake, also called "Buchstabensalat (" salad letters ") in German, where a variety of random-looking text is generated through characters encoding a mismatch in which a set characters are replaced by others, although the effect is more effective in the language in which each character represents a word, such as Chinese.
A more serious attempt to automatically generate the nonsense comes from Claude Shannon's paper on paper The Mathematical Communication Theory of 1948 in which the more convincing nonsens is produced first by choosing letters and spaces at random, then according to their respective frequencies characters appear in some text examples, then respect the likelihood that the selected letter appears after the previous one or two in the sample text, and then apply a similar technique to the whole word. By far the most convincing is generated by a second-order word approach, in which words are chosen by a random function weighed for the possibility that each word follows the previous word in the normal text:
HEAD AND IN THE BASIC ATTACKS IN AN ENGLISH AUTHORIZED THAT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS POINT IS BECAUSE IT IS OTHER METHOD FOR LETTERS THAT THAT NEVER TELL PROBLEMS FOR UNFRIENDLY.
Markov chains can be used to generate random but rather human-looking sentences. This is used in some chat-bots, especially in IRC-networks.
Unreasonable phrases can also be generated for more sinister reasons, such as Bayesian poisoning used against the Bayesian spam filters by using a series of words that have a high probability of being placed in English, but regardless of whether the sentence makes sense grammatically or logically.
See also
- Unrelated press, a computer program that applies the Markov chain to produce a word salad
- Gibberish
- Glossolalia
- Lorem ipsum
- Verse does not make sense
- Paragrammatism
- Songs singing
- Distractions of Thought
- Aphasia Wernicke
References
External links
- The definition of the word salad dictionary in Wiktionary
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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